Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pengguna Jasa Penerbangan di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused passenger demand to drop drastically as a result of travel restrictions and passengers' distrust of flying. However, this does not mean that passengers will not be traveling by plane during a pandemic. Passengers can be at risk of experiencing losses, one of which is the result of errors or negligence on the part of the airline company during the COVID-19 pandemic. Losses that can be suffered by passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as flight delays cancellation of flights, denied boarding passengers, bodily injuries, and even death. For this reason, it is necessary to have legal protection for airline passengers to protect the rights of passengers so that health, security and safety of passengers are guaranteed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; Airline Liability; Flight Compensation.
Abstrak
Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan permintaan penumpang menurun secara drastis sebagai akibat dari pembatasan perjalanan dan ketidakpercayaan penumpang untuk melakukan penerbangan. Akan tetapi, hal ini bukan berarti tidak ada penumpang yang melakukan perjalanannya dengan pesawat dalam masa pandemi. Penumpang dapat beresiko mengalami kerugian yang salah satunya merupakan akibat dari adanya kesalahan atau kelalaian dari pihak perusahaan maskapai di masa pandemi COVID-19. Kerugian yang dapat diderita penumpang dalam masa pandemi COVID-19 seperti keterlambatan penerbangan (delay), pembatalan penerbangan (cancellation of flight), denied boarding passenger, bodily injury, hingga kematian. Untuk itu perlu adanya perlindungan hukum bagi penumpang pesawat untuk melindungi hak penumpang sehingga kesehatan, keamanan, dan keselamatan penumpang terjamin dalam masa pandemi COVID-19.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19; Tanggung Gugat Perusahaan Maskapai; Ganti Rugi Penerbangan.
Buku
Adhy Riadhy Arafah, Pengantar Hukum Penerbangan Privat (Prenada Media Group 2019).
I. H. Ph. Diederiks Verschoor, An Introduction to Air Law (Wolters Kluwer 1993).
Margherita Colangelo, Introduction to European Union Transport Law (Roma- Trepress 2016).
Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum : Edisi Revisi (Kencana Predana Media Grup 2005).
Jurnal.
Eman Naboush, et al, ‘Air Carrier's Liability for the Safety of Passenger during COVID-19 Pandemic' (2020) Journal of Air Transport Management.
Kathyrn M. Nutt, ‘Air France v. Saks: An Accidental Interpretation of The Warsaw Convention'(1986) 1 American University of International Law Review
Lee [et.,al], ‘Air carrier Liability for Delay : A Plea to Return to International Uniformity' (2012) 77 Journal of Air law and Commerce
Leva Deviatnikovaitė, ‘The Montreal Convention of 1999 and Regulation No. 261/2004 In The EUCJ and national Case Law' (2018) 11 Baltic Journal of Law and Politics.
Paul Stephen Dempsey, [et.,al], ‘Montreal v. Brussels : The Conflict of laws on The Issue on Delay in International Carriage', Kluwer Law International.
Skripsi/Thesis/Disertasi
Gita Ovanda Dwi, ‘Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Penumpang Saat Overbooking Flights' (Skripsi, Universitas Airlangga 2019).
Michael Thomas Seelhorst, ‘Flight Cancellation Behavior and Aviation System Performance' (Disertasi, Universitas California).
Laman
Alan Levin, ‘The Case the Unmasked Airline Passenger Contracting COVID-19 Adds Fuel to Growing Debate' (Fortune.com 2020) < https://fortune.com/2020/07/28/unmasked-airline-passenger-rules-masks/> dikunjungi pada 25 Desember 2020.
Judy R, ‘Nemsick, Montreal Convention Limits of Liability Increased' (HKLAW, 2019) <https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2019/12/montreal-convention-limits-of-liability-increased> dikunjungi pada 25 Desember 2020.
Elaine de Salomon et all, ‘Potential COVID-19 Liability Facing Air Carrier' (Blankrome, 2020) <https://www.blankrome.com/publications/potential-covid-19-liability-facing-air-carriers> dikunjungi pada 25 November 2020.
Ashley Nunes, ‘How COVID-19 Will Charge Air Travel as We Know It (BBC, 2020)' <https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200709-how-covid-19-will-change-air-travel-as-we-know-it> dikunjungi pada 29 Oktober 2020.
Francisca Christy, ‘Kemenhub : Penutupan Penerbangan Hanya Berlaku di Wilayah PSBB' (Bisnis Tempo, 2020) <https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1335313/kemenhub-penutupan-penerbangan-hanya-berlaku-di-wilayah-psbb/full&view=ok> dikunjungi pada tanggal 29 Oktober
Ridha Aditya, ‘Tanggung Jawab Bandara dan Masakapai Penerbangan di Tengah Pandemi' (Hukumonline, 2020) <https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt5ecc8249d3c20/tanggung-jawab-bandara-dan-maskapai-penerbangan-di-tengah-pandemi-oleh--ridha-aditya-nugraha?page=3> dikunjungi pada 23 November 2020.
World Health Organization (WHO), ‘Corona Virus Disease For The Public : Mythbusters' (WHO, 2020) <https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters> dikunjungi pada 23 Oktober 2020.
Maggie Fox, ‘Corona Virus Can spread on Airline Flights, Two Studies Show' (CNN, 2020) <https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/18/health/coronavirus-airline-transmission-studies/index.html> dikunjungi pada 23 November 2020.
Perundang-undangan
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan Lembaran Negara Tahun 2009 Nomor 1, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4956.
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77 Tahun 2011 tentang Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Angkutan Udara, Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011 Nomor 486.
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 89 Tahun 2015 tentang Penanganan Keterlambatan Penerbangan (Delay Management) Pada Badan Usaha Angkutan Udara Niaga Berjadwal di Indonesia, Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 716.
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor 185 Tahun 2015 tentang Standar Pelayanan Penumpang Kelas Ekonomi Angkutan Udara Niaga Berjadwal Dalam Negeri, Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 1823.
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengendalian Transportasi Selama Masa Mudik Idul Fitri Tahun 1441 Hijriah dalam Rangka Pencegahan Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2020 Nomor 405.
Surat Edaran Nomor 13 Tahun 2020 tentang Operasional Transportasi Udara dalam Masa Kegiatan Masyarakat Produktif dan Aman dari Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Montreal Convention 1999 Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air.
Regulation EC No. 261/2004 of The European Parliament and of The Council of 11 February 2004, Establishing Common Rules on Compensation and Assistance to Passenger in the Event of Denied Boarding and of Cancellation or Long Delay of Flights, and Repealing Regulation (EEC) No. 295/91.
Putusan
US District Court For The Southern District of New York, 13 F.Supp 2d 508 (1998), Philip and Beth WAXMAN, Plaintiffs, v. C.I.S. MEXICANA DE AVIACION, S.A. DE C.V., a Mexican Corporation; and Signature Flight Support Corporation, Defendants, No. 97 Civ. 7299(DLC), 14 Juli 1998.
