Keabsahan Penutupan Perbatasan oleh Spanyol Selaku Negara Anggota Uni Eropa dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19
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Abstract
This article aims to identify and analyze the legitimacy of the border closure by Spain against Portugal as a member state of the European Union in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. This article is a normative legal research that used a combination of the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The closing of the border by Spain is basically an action that is contrary to the Treaty on Establishing the European Union which requires the opening of borders, but the Covid-19 pandemic is an urgent situation that forces Spain to close its border with Portugal for the health and safety of its citizens. So the closing of the border by Spain is a justifiable action because it has a strong legal basis, namely Article 43 of the Spanish Constitution and Article 4 of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Keywords: Sovereignty, European Union, Border, Covid-19
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis keabsahan penutupan perbatasan oleh Spanyol terhadap Portugal selaku negara anggota Uni Eropa dalam menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan kombinasi antara pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Terhadap artikel ini, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pada dasarnya penutupan perbatasan ini akan menjadi tindakan yang berlawanan dengan Traktat Pembentukan Uni Eropa yang menghendaki terbukanya perbatasan sehingga memudahkan laju perdagangan barang dan jasa, akan tetapi pandemi Covid-19 adalah sebuah keadaan mendesak yang memaksa Spanyol harus menutup perbatasannya dengan Portugal demi kesehatan dan keselamatan warga negaranya. Maka penutupan perbatasan yang dilakukan oleh Spanyol merupakan tindakan yang dapat dibenarkan karena memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat, yaitu Pasal 43 Konstitusi Spanyol dan Pasal 4 Konvensi Internasional mengenai Hak Sipil dan Politik (ICCPR).
Kata Kunci: Kedaulatan, Uni Eropa, Perbatasan Negara, Covid-19.
Buku
Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum (Edisi Revisi) (Kencana Prenada Media 2017)
Jurnal
Elke Cloots, 'National Identity, Constitutional Identity and Sovereignty in the EU' (2016) 45 Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy 84
Ioan Mircea, 'Implications of the Covid 19 Pandemic' (2020) 14 Europolity 39
Koesrianti, 'International Cooperation Among States in Globalized Era: The Decline of State Sovereignty' (2013) 3 Indonesia Law Review 268
Robert Lombardi, 'Force Majeure in European Union Law' (1997) 81 International Journal of Trade and Business Law 97
Verica Trstenjak, 'National Sovereignty and the Principle of Primacy in EU Law and Their Importance for The Member State' (2013) 4 Beijing Law Review 72
Book Chapter
Ion M. Anghel, 'European Union's Member State Sovereignty', 19 Annals of the Constantin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu Juridical Sciences Series (2010)
Laman
'Covid: Germany to Halt Travel from Czech Republic and Tyrol' (BBC News, 2021) accessed 13 June 2021
'Land Border Controls Between Spain & Portugal Extended to March 1' (Schengenvisainfo) accessed 26 February 2021
DW, 'EU Questions German COVID Border Closures' (DW, 2021) accessed 12 June 2021
Heath Kelly, 'The Classical Definition of a Pandemic Is Not Elusive' (World Health Organization, 2011) < www.who.int/bulletin> accessed 9 June 2021
WHO, 'Covid-19 Occupational Health and Safety for Health Workers- Interim Guidance' (World Health Organization, 2021)
Skripsi
Natalia Yeti Puspita, 'Hukum Regional: ASEAN Dan UNI EROPA' (Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya 2020)
Peraturan
The Agreement on the Accession of the Kingdom of Spain to the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement 1991
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966
The Schengen Agreement 1985
The Spanish Constitution 1978
The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe 200
The Treaty of Lisbon 2007 Amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community
Copyright (c) 2023 Faizin Achmad Sumhudi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
