Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) Inconsistencies: The Case of India S-400 Weapon Procurement
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Tulisan ini membahas kebijakan Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) yang diterapkan oleh Amerika Serikat terhadap negara-negara yang melakukan pembelanjaan militer dengan Rusia, Iran, dan Korea Utara. Kebijakan CAATSA yang berbentuk sanksi embargo ini penting untuk ditelaah melalui berbagai perspektif ilmiah karena merupakan kebijakan sanksi ekonomi pertama Amerika yang diterapkan secara kolektif. Berbeda dengan sanksi embargo sebelumnya yang diaplikasikan secara personal terhadap suatu negara dengan alasan tertentu, CAATSA ditujukan terhadap semua negara kendati pada kenyataannya terdapat pengecualian. Meskipun penelitian mengenai CAATSA ini tidak banyak dilakukan, namun demikian sebagian besar kajian terdahulu lebih banyak melihat dengan sudut pandang hubungan Amerika-India, hukum penegakan sanksi embargo, proses pembuatan kebijakan Amerika, serta dampak ekonomi dari adanya sanksi embargo. Dengan menggunakan sudut pandang diplomasi koersif sebagai kerangka analisis, tulisan ini membingkai kegagalan pelaksanaan kebijakan CAATSA terhadap India. Argumen utama dalam tulisan ini adalah kebijakan sanksi embargo ekonomi tidak bisa diterapkan secara kolektif karena akan bertabrakan dengan kepentingan lain yang lebih besar, serta membuat penerapan menjadi tidak efektif karena adanya pengecualian terhadap beberapa negara.
Kata kunci: CAATSA, Diplomasi Koersif, India
This paper discusses the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) policy applied by the United States to countries that do military dealing with Russia, Iran and North Korea. CAATSA's policy in the form of an embargo sanction is important to be explored through various scientific perspectives because it is the first American economic sanction policy that is applied collectively. Unlike the previous embargo sanctions that were applied personally to a country for certain reasons, CAATSA was aimed at all countries despite the fact that there were exceptions. Although research on CAATSA is scarce, however, most of the previous studies looked more in view of American-Indian relations, law enforcement of embargo sanctions, American policy-making processes, and the economic impact of sanctions on embargoes. Using the perspective of coercive diplomacy as an analytical framework, this paper framed the failure of CAATSA's policy implementation towards India. The main argument in this paper is that the policy of sanctioning the economic embargo cannot be applied collectively because it will collide with other larger interests, and make the application ineffective because of the exception of several countries.
Keyword: CAATSA, Coercive Diplomacy, India
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