Willfull Ignorance : Trump and the Failure of US Pandemic Response
Downloads
Respons terhadap COVID-19 dilakukan secara berbeda oleh negara di dunia, namun satu yang pasti adalah bahwa penanganan terhadap isu ini bergantung pada kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh negara. Hal ini dikarenakan COVID-19 tidak hanya merupakan permasalahan kesehatan tetapi juga permasalahan kebijakan. Dalam konteks ini, salah satu negara yang menjadi sorotan adalah Amerika Serikat. Sebagai negara yang memiliki berbagai keunggulan baik material maupun imaterial, Amerika Serikat tidak berhasil merespons COVID-19 dengan kebijakan yang tepat. Tulisan ini berangkat dari premis tersebut, bahwa parahnya pandemi COVID-19 di Amerika terjadi karena adanya kegagalan pemerintahan Trump untuk memformulasikan kebijakan respons yang tepat. Dalam menguraikan argumentasi tersebut, Tulisan ini terbagi dalam tiga bagian, bagian pertama berisi kondisi umum COVID-19 di Amerika, bagian kedua berisi tentang analisis kegagalan pemerintahan Trump, dan bagian terakhir berisi simpulan serta pelajaran yang bisa kita ambil dari kegagalan penanganan COVID-19 di Amerika.
Kata-kata Kunci: COVID-19, Amerika Serikat, Trump, Kegagalan, Ketidaktahuan yang disengaja
Throughout the world, countries use different strategies to curb the COVID-19 spread. The one constant feature is that it is as much a policy problem as it is a medical one. The policy becomes increasingly important due to the infectious nature of the virus. Should a country failed to employ a working strategy, human lives are at stake. In this context, the United States became increasingly important to show that policy is essential to curb the virus. The United States had a vast array of resources ranging from medical experts to a well-prepared institution. Despite all that, the US is currently the worst country in the world in terms of the number of cases and death. This paper argues that this condition is the result of the Trump administration's failure to formulate a suitable and working strategy to curb the virus. The author will explore the argument in three sections. The first section gives a glimpse of COVID-19 in the US, the second section describes the US response to the virus, the third section explains the Trump administration failure, and the last part consists of the conclusion and lesson that we can learn from US failure.
Keywords: COVID-19, United States, Trump, Failure, Willful Ignorance
Buku dan Bab dalam Buku
Heymann, David, 2010. "Public Health, Global Governance, and the Revised International Health Regulations", dalam Mack, A., et al. (eds.), Infectious Disease Movement in a Borderless World: Workshop Summary. Washington DC: National Academies Press, pp. 180–195.
Lewis, Michael, 2018. The Fifth Risk: Undoing Democracy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Patterson, Thomas E., 2018. We the People: An Introduction to American Government. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Trump, Mary L., 2020. Too Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the World's Most Dangerous Man. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Wilson, James Q., et al., 2018. American Government Institutions & Policies 13th Edition. Boston: Cengage Learning
Youde, Jeremy, 2010. The International Health Regulations: Biopolitical Surveillance and Public Health in International Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Jurnal
Mirvis,Philip, 2020. "Reflections: US Coronavirus Crisis Management--Learning from Failure Donald Trump and More”, Journal of Change Management 2020, January-April.
Gamey, Yavin, 2020. "Donald Trump: a political determinant of COVID-19", BMJ 2020; 369:m1643
Rothstein, Mark A., 2020. "The Coronavirus Pandemic: Public Health and American Values”, The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48(2): 354–359.
Rutledge, Paul E., 2020. "Trump, COVID-19, and the War on Expertise”, The American Review of Public Administration, 50(6-7): 505-511.
Gerstein, Daniel M., 2020. "Assessing the US government response to the coronavirus”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 76(4): 166-174.
Artikel Daring
Andrew, Scott, 2020. "The US has 4% of the world's population but 25% of its coronavirus cases", CNN Health, 30 Juni, [daring]. dalam https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/30/health/us-coronavirus-toll-in-numbers-june-trnd/index.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Baker, Peter, dan Michael D Shear, 2020. "Trump Says States Can Start Reopening While Acknowledging the Decision Is Theirs”, The New York Times, 16 April, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/16/us/politics/coronavirus-trump-guidelines.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
BBC, 2020. "Coronavirus: Outcry after Trump suggests injecting disinfectant as treatment”, BBC News, 24 April, [daring]. dalam https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52407177 [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Cha, Ariana Eunjung, dan Laurie McGinley, 2020. "Antimalarial drug touted by President Trump is linked to increased risk of death in coronavirus patients, study says”, The Washington Post, 22 Mei, [daring] dalam https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/22/hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus-study/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Corkery, Michael, dan Annie Karni, 2020. "Trump Administration Restricts Entry Into U.S. From China”, The New York Times, 31 Januari, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/31/business/china-travel-coronavirus.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Diamond, Dan, dan Nahal Toosi, 2020. "Trump team failed to follow NSC's pandemic playbook”, Politico, 25 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/25/trump-coronavirus-national-security-council-149285 [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Friedman, Thomas. 2020. "With the Coronavirus, it's Again Trump vs Mother Nature", The New York Times, 31 Maret [daring] dalam https://nyti.ms/2yjy3xT [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Graham, David A., 2020. "Why Trump Was Deaf to All the Warnings He Received”, The Atlantic, 29 April, [daring]. dalam https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/how-many-warnings-did-trump-ignore/610846/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Haberman, Magie, dan Noah Weiland, 2020. "Inside the Coronavirus Response: A Case Study in the White House Under Trump”, The New York Times, 16 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/us/politics/kushner-trump-coronavirus.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Haelle, Tara, 2020. "Man Dead From Taking Chloroquine Product After Trump Touts Drug For Coronavirus”, Forbes, 23 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2020/03/23/man-dead-from-taking-chloroquine-after-trump-touts-drug-for-coronavirus/#38befb2c72e9 [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Jacobs, Andrew, dan Sheri Fink, 2020. "How Prepared is the US for a Coronavirus Outbreak?”, The New York Times, 29 Februari, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/health/coronavirus-preparation-united-states.html [diakses pada 15 Agusutus 2020].
John Hopkins University, 2020. "Daily State-By-State Testing Trends”, [daring]. dalam https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/testing/individual-states [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Hannity, Sean, 2020. "Interview: Sean Hannity Hosts a Town Hall With Donald Trump in Green Bay, Wisconsin - June 25, 2020”, [daring]. dalam https://factba.se/transcript/donald-trump-interview-town-hall-hannity-fox-news-marinette-wisconsin-june-25-2020 [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Kavi, Aishvarya, 2020. "Virus Surge Brings Calls for Trump to Invoke Defense Production Act”, The New York Times, 22 Juli, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/us/politics/coronavirus-defense-production-act.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Kernen, Joe, 2020. "Interview: Joe Kernen Interviews Donald Trump on CNBC From Davos - January 22, 2020”, [daring] dalam https://factba.se/transcript/donald-trump-interview-joe-kernen-cnbc-davos-january-22-2020 [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Knowles, Hannah, et al., 2020. "Seven states report highest coronavirus hospitalizations since pandemic began”, The Washington Post, 24 Juni, [daring]. dalam https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/23/coronavirus-live-updates-us/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Knight, Victoria, 2020. "Evidence Shows Obama Team Left A Pandemic' Game Plan' For Trump Administration”, [daring]. dalam https://khn.org/news/evidence-shows-obama-team-left-a-pandemic-game-plan-for-trump-administration/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Krugman, Paul. 2020. "A Plague of Willful Ignorance”, The New York Times, 22 Juni, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/opinion/coronavirus-trump.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Leonhardt, David, 2020. "The Unique US Failure to Control the Virus”, The New York Times, 6 Agustus, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/06/us/coronavirus-us.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Liptak, Kevin, 2020. "As Trump's leadership is tested, he turns to states and the private sector”, CNN Politics, 21 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/21/politics/donald-trump-leadership-coronavirus/index.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Lipton, Eric, et al., 2020. "He Could Have Seen What Was Coming: Behind Trump's Failure on the Virus”, The New York Times, 11 April, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/us/politics/coronavirus-trump-response.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Martin, Jonathan, 2020. "Trump to Governors on Ventilators: 'Try Getting It Yourselves'”, The New York Times, 16 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-respirators.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Miller, Greg, dan Ellen Nakashima, 2020. "President's intelligence briefing book repeatedly cited virus threat”, The Washington Post, 27 April, [daring]. dalam https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/presidents-intelligence-briefing-book-repeatedly-cited-virus-threat/2020/04/27/ca66949a-8885-11ea-ac8a-fe9b8088e101_story.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Packer, George. 2020. "We Are Living in a Failed States", The Atlantic, Juni [daring]. dalam https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/06/underlying-conditions/610261/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Paz, Christian, 2020. "All the President's Lies About the Coronavirus”, The Atlantic, 2 November, [daring]. dalam https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/07/trumps-lies-about-coronavirus/608647/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Rabin, Roni Caryn, 2020. "First Patient With Wuhan Coronavirus Is Identified in the US”, The New York Times, 21 Januari, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Rogers, Katie, dan Emily Cochrane, 2020. "Trump Urges Limits Amid Pandemic, but Stops Short of National Mandates”, The New York Times, 16 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-guidelines.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Saeed, Saim, 2020. "Trump's Europe travel ban explained”, Politico, 12 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-donald-trump-europe-travel-ban-explained/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Shear, Michael D., et al., 2020. "Inside Trump's Failure: The Rush to Abandon Leadership Role on the Virus”, The New York Times, 18 Juli, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-response-failure-leadership.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Vazquez, Maegan, 2020. "Trump invokes Defense Production Act for ventilator equipment and N95 masks”, CNN Politics, 2 April, [daring]. dalam https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/02/politics/defense-production-act-ventilator-supplies/index.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Waldrop, Theresa, et al., 2020. "Fearing coronavirus, Arizona man dies after taking a form of chloroquine used to treat aquariums”, CNN Health, 25 Maret, [daring]. dalam https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/23/health/arizona-coronavirus-chloroquine-death/index.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Weiland, Noah, dan Emily Cochrane, 2020. "Government Eyes War Powers to Speed Medical Manufacturing Ahead of Virus”, The New York Times, 28 Februari, [daring]. dalam https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/28/us/politics/trump-coronavirus.html [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Yong, Ed, 2020. "How the Pandemic Defeated America”, The Atlantic, 4 Agustus, [daring]. dalam https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/09/coronavirus-american-failure/614191/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
Dokumen Resmi
Fauci, Antonio, 2020. "Press Conference: Donald Trump Joins the Daily Coronavirus Pandemic Briefing - March 17, 2020”, [daring]. dalam https://factba.se/transcript/donald-trump-press-conference-coronavirus-briefing-march-17-2020 [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
NIAID, 2020. "NIAID History”, [daring]. dalam https://www.niaid.nih.gov/about/niaid-history [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
White House, 2020b. "Remarks by President Trump at Signing of H.R.748, The CARES Act, March 27, 2020”, [daring]. dalam https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-signing-h-r-748-cares-act/ [diakses pada 15 Agustus 2020].
White House, 2020a. "Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus”, [daring] dalam https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-nonimmigrants-persons-pose-risk-transmitting-2019-novel-coronavirus/ [diakses pada 15 Agusuts 2020].
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Authors are unable to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work
- Authors are not permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The Copyright Holder of the articles is Global Strategis
