Alternative Für Deutschland Strategy in 2017 Germany Legislative Election: Analysis of Posters as Visual Campaign Media
Downloads
Paham Populisme-Ekstrem Sayap Kanan mengalami kenaikan di Eropa utamanya pascakrisis pengungsi 2014-2015. Krisis ini menjadi momentum bagi partai populis ekstrem sayap kanan untuk memobilisasi suara masyarakat. Di Jerman, partai Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) mendapat dukungan yang masif ketika partai memutuskan untuk berfokus pada ideologi dan kritiknya mengenai krisis pengungsi Eropa pada pemilihan legislatif tahun 2017. Salah satu cara strategi yang digunakan oleh partai adalah dengan kampanye melalui poster. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana karakter populis ekstrem sayap kanan direpresentasikan dalam poster kampanye partai AfD, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep Populisme Sayap Kanan dan teori Strategic Political Communication yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode CDA untuk dapat menganalisis poster secara spesifik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa partai AfD lebih menunjukkan karakter rasis pada poster-poster kampanyenya yang ditunjukkan oleh atribut-atribut budaya yang digunakan.
Kata-kata kunci: Populisme-ekstrem sayap kanan; Alternative Für Deutschland; Krisis Pengungsi Eropa
Right-wing populism-extreme views have increased in Europe, especially after the 2014-2015 refugee crisis. This crisis has become a momentum for extreme right-wing populist parties to mobilize people's voices. In Germany, the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) party received massive support when it decided to focus on its ideology and criticism of the European refugee crisis in the 2017 legislative elections. One of the strategies used by the party was through poster campaigns. Therefore, to answer how the extreme right-wing populist character is represented in the AfD party's campaign poster, this study uses the concept of Right-wing Populism and the theory of Strategic Political Communication, which is analyzed using the CDA method be able to analyze the poster specifically. This study concludes that the AfD party shows more of a racist character on its campaign posters which is indicated by the cultural attributes used.
Keywords: Alternative für Deutschland, Right-wing extremism, Refugee Crisis
Buku
Carter, E. 2005. The extreme right in Western Europe. Success or failure?. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Davis, R. 2009. Typing Politics. The Role of Blogs in American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mudde, C. 2007. Populist Radical Parties in Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press
Plasser, F & L. Günther. 2009. "Television campaigning worldwide”, In Dennis W. Johnson (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Management, 253–271. New York: Routledge.
Huntington, S. 1993. The clash of civilizations. New York: Simon & Schuster. Hlm. 45-48.
Schain, M. A. 2018. Shifting Tides: Radical-right Populism and Immigration Policy in Europe and the United States. Wahington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
Strömbäck, J & S. Kiousis. 2014. "Strategic Political Communication in Election Campaigns”, In Carsten Reinemann(ed.), Political Communication. Germany: De Gruyer Mouton.
Jurnal
Berbuir, Nicole, M. Lewandowsky, and J. Siri. 2015."The AfD and its sympathisers: Finally a right-wing populist movement in Germany?", German Politics, 24(2): 154-178.
Cincu, A. (2017). "Far Right Populist Challenge In Europe. Alternative For Germany And The National Front”,Europolity, 11(1): 21-49.
Haidt. J. 2016. "When and Why Nationalism Beats Globalism”, POLICY, 32(3): 46-53.
Lees, C. 2018.‘The ‘Alternative for Germany': The rise of right-wing populism at the heart of Europe”, Politics, 38(3): 295–310.
Strömbäck J. 2009. "Selective professionalisation of political campaigning: A test of the party-centred theory of professionalised campaigning in the context of the 2006 Swedish election”, Political Studies, 57: 95–116.
Artikel Daring
BBC News. 2016. "Migrant crisis: Migration to Europe explained in seven charts”, BBC, 4 Maret [daring]. dalam https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34131911 [diakses 31 Oktober 2020].
Eurostat. 2017. "Immigration in EU Member States”, Eurostat, 15 Desember [daring]. dalam https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/EDN-20171215-1 [diakses 30 Oktober 2020].
International Organization for Migration. 2015. "How the World Views Migration”, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration, [daring]. dalam https://publications.iom.int/system/files/how_the_world_gallup.pdf [diakses 30 Oktober 2020].
Ortjens, J. 2020. "Rconstructing Europes in the Migrant Crisis: Germany, Hungary, and Russia”, University of Tartu, [daring]. dalam http://hdl.handle.net/10062/66938 [diakses 31 Oktober 2020].
Overseas Development Institute. 2016. "Europe's refugees and migrants: hidden flows, tightened borders, and spiralling costs”, [daring]. dalam https://euagenda.eu/upload/publications/untitled-67413-ea.pdf [diakses 5 November 2020].
Pew Research Centre. 2016. "Europeans not convinced growing diversity is a good thing, divided on what determines national identity”, [daring]. dalam https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/07/11/europeans-not-convinced-growing-diversity-is-a-good-thing-divided-on-what-determines-national-identity/ [diakses 31 Oktober 2020].
Pew Research Centre. 2018. "Number of Refugees to Europe Surges to Record 1.3 Million in 2015”, [daring]. dalam https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/08/02/number-of-refugees-to-europe-surges-to-record-1-3-million-in-2015/ [diakses 30 Oktober 2020].
Romarheim, A. G. 2005. "Definitions of strategic political communication”.. [daring]. dalam https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/27824/689.pdf [diakses 5 November 2020].
The Federal Returning Officer. 2017. "Bundestag Election 2017”, [daring]. dalam https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2017/ergebnisse.html [diakses 31 Oktober 2020].
Wilhelm, A. 2018. "Think Germans Love Refugees? The results of an exclusive study on how Germans perceive refugees”. [daring]. dalam https://www.tbd.community/en/a/germans-perceptions-refugees [diakses31 Oktober 2020].
Disertasi
Reitz, A. 2019. "Political Campaign Strategies of the party Alternative for Germany: A qualitative Study of Posters for the 2017 Federal Election”, Disertasi, [daring]. dalam http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44369 [diakses 2 November 2020].
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Authors are unable to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work
- Authors are not permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The Copyright Holder of the articles is Global Strategis
