The Mali-France Counterterrorism Cooperation: The Influence of Mali's National Identity Change on Its Foreign Policy Making
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Mali telah mengalami ketidakstabilan politik dan keamanan yang menyebabkan konflik terorisme yang parah sejak tahun 2012. Dalam upaya war against terrorism, Mali bekerja sama dengan Prancis untuk meningkatkan stabilitas keamanan dan eradikasi sel-sel teroris. Namun setelah hampir sepuluh tahun, Prancis menarik pasukannya dari Mali akibat tidak kooperatifnya Mali dengan puncaknya pada pemutusan kerja sama keamanan yang ditandatangani tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menelaah terkait pertanyaan mengapa Mali mengambil kebijakan yang berisiko pada kontra produktifnya war against terrorism Mali. Peneliti menganalisis fenomena ini menggunakan konsep source of change dan teori aspirational constructivism. Dengan menggunakan studi pustaka dan analisis data, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh perubahan identitas nasional Mali dari nasionalisme berbasis etno-politis (Mande) menjadi nasionalisme berbasis kolonial melalui uji historisis dan rasional. Identitas ini muncul setelah konstruksi elite berdasarkan aspirasi historisis komunal dari pengalaman kolonialisme yang dilakukan oleh Prancis di wilayah Mali. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa terjadi pergeseran orientasi kerja sama keamanan Mali dari Prancis yang diperkuat oleh bukti berupa penghentian kerja sama keamanan tahun 2014 pada tahun 2022.
Kata-kata Kunci: Identitas; Nasionalisme; Kolonial; Mali; Prancis
Mali has experienced political and security instability which has led to a severe terrorist conflict since 2012. In an effort to war against terrorism, Mali has collaborated with France to increase security stability and eradicate terrorist cells. However, after nearly ten years, France withdrew its troops from Mali as a result of Mali's non-cooperation, with the culmination of the termination of the security cooperation signed in 2014. This research examines why Mali has pursued a risky policy that proves counterproductive in its war against terrorism. The author uses the concept of the source of change and the theory of aspirational constructivism. By using literature study and data analysis employing historicist and rational tests, the author concludes that there is an influence of Mali's national identity changes from ethno-political nationalism (Mande) to colonial-based nationalism. This identity arose after the construction of the elite based on the communal historicist aspirations of the colonialism experience which carried out by the French in Mali. Based on this fact, we can see there has been a shift in the orientation of Mali's security cooperation away from France, evidenced by the termination of 2014 security cooperation in 2022.
Keywords: Identity; Nationalism; Colonial; Mali; France
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