The Border of Responsibilities in Global Distribution of Aid: Ethical Issues and Challenges in Practices
Downloads
This essay intends to analyse the debate about responsibility in the discourse of global justice. The topic is inspired by the statement of Thomas Pogge who argues that the minor outcome in promoting global justice is generated by a deep ethical problem on the question of responsibility rather than a technical problem such as taxation and liberalisation policy (2001a). He argues that many global problems would be solved if only the affluent countries perceived their roles in sending foreign aid as a responsibility and not as charity, which is how many communitarians perceive it. This ethical debate will be the concern of my essay. The main agenda is to find the most convincing argument for ethical guidance in the current world. Analysing through the lense of Bertrand Russell's (1961) parameter of ‘commendable ethics,' this essay validates Pogge's position that foreign aid from affluent states is part of negative responsibility and therefore commendable as an ethical guide in promoting global justice.
Books
Bull, Hedley, 1977. The Anarchical Society. Columbia University Press.
Cimadamore, Alberto D., et al., 2016. Poverty and the Milennium Development Goals: A Crittical Look Forward. London: Zed Books.
Crocker, David A., and Linden, Toby, 1998. Ethics of Consumption. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
McCarthy, Leo, 1998. Justice, the State and International Relations. London: MacMillan Press Ltd.
Morsink, Johannes, 1999. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting and Intent. University of Pennsylvania Pers.
Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko (ed.), 2007. Freedom from Poverty as Human Rights: Who Owes What to the Very Poor? USA: Oxford University Press.
Sen, Amartya, 2006. Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Shiva, Vandana, 2000. Stolen Harvest: the Hijacking of the Global Food Supply. Boston MA: South End Press.
Singer, Peter, (ed.) A Companion to Ethics, Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1993.
Stiglitz, Joseph E., 2002. Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
Journal Article
Beitz, Charles R., 2005. "Cosmopolitanism and Global Justice,” the Journal of Ethics, 9: 12-27.
Bittner, Rudiger, 2001. "Morality and world Hunger,” Metaphilosophy, 32 (1/2): 25-33.
Devetak, Richard, and Higott, Richard, 1999. "Justice Unbound? Globalization, States and the Transformation of the Social Bond,” International Affairs, 75 (3): 483-498.
Goodin, Robert E., 1988. "What is So Special about Our Fellow Countrymen,” Ethics, 98 (4): 663-686.
Hickel, Jason, 2017. "Is Global Inequality Getting Better or Worse? A Critique of the World Bank's Convergence Narrative.” Third World Quarterly, 38 (10): 2208-2222.
Higgott, Richard, 2000. "Contested Globalization: the Changing context and Normative Challenges,” Review of International Studies, 26: 131-153.
Holder, Cindy, 2012. "Global Justice Beyonf Distribution: Poverty and Natural Resources.” Public Affairs Quarterly, 26 (1): 33-34.
Kuper, Andrew, 2002b. "Facts, Theories, and Hard Choices,” Ethics and International Affairs, 16 (2): 125-126.
Kuper, Andrew. 2002a. "More Than Charity: Cosmopolitan Alternatives to the ‘Singer Solution,'” Ethics and International Affairs, 16 (2): 107-120.
Linklater, Andrew, 1999. "the Evolving Spheres of International Justice,” International Affairs, 75 (3): 473-482.
Miller, David, 1988. "The Ethical Significance of Nationality.” Ethics, 98 (4): 647-662.
Nagel, Thomas, 2005. "The Problem of Global Justice.” Philosophy and Public Affairs, 33 (2): 113-147.
O'Neill, Onora, 2000. "Bounded and Cosmopolitan Justice.” Review of International Studies, 26: 45-60.
O'Neill, Onora, 2001. "Agents of Justice.” Metaphilosophy, 32 (1/2): 180-195.
Pogge, Thomas, 2001a. "Introduction,” Metaphilosophy, 32, (1/2): 1-5.
Pogge, Thomas, 2001b. "Priorities of Global Justice,” Metaphilosophy, 32, (1/2): 6-24.
Pogge, Thomas, 2005. "World Poverty and Human Rights.” Ethics and International Affairs, 19 (1): 1-7.
Pogge, Thomas, 2007. "Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend.” International Journal of Human Rights, 6: 137-158.
Risse, Mathias, 2005. "Do We Owe the Global Poor Assistance or Rectification?” Ethics and International Affairs, 19 (1): 9-18.
Russell, Bertrand, 1961. "Science and Ethics.” Religion and Science accessed through http://www.solstice.us/russell/science-ethics.html, accessed on 10 October 2008.
Report and Archive
Millennium Development Goals, 2008. Progress Chart: Country Progress within Region, http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2008, accessed on 2 October 2008.
OECD, 2017. Development Aid Rises Again in 2016 but Flows to Poorest Countries Dip, accessed through: http://www.oecd.org/dac/development-aid-rises-again-in-2016-but-flows-to-poorest-countries-dip.htm on 18 September 2018.
The World Bank, ‘The Costs of Attaining the Millennium Development Goals,' http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/mdgassessment.pdf, accessed on 2 October 2008.
UN Millennium Project, 2005. Halving Hunger: It can be Done, http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/reports/tf_hunger.htm, accessed on 2 October 2008.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html, accessed on 10 October 2008.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Authors are unable to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work
- Authors are not permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The Copyright Holder of the articles is Global Strategis
