Student Academic Performance: The Role of Antecedents, Mediation, and Moderation
Downloads
Objective: This study aims to investigate students' academic performance by examining the role of knowledge hiding (KHi) as a mediating variable and using three antecedents as dependent variables. Additionally, it explores the moderating role of academic self-efficacy on KHi behavior and students' academic performance. The research objectives should be expressed clearly and concisely.
Design/Methods/Approach: Eleven hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Data were collected through a primary survey based on structured questionnaires, with a sample size of 252 undergraduate students from various universities.
Findings: Performance motivation and sense of relatedness positively affect academic performance, while territoriality of knowledge negatively affects academic performance. Territoriality of knowledge and sense of relatedness increase KHi. Meanwhile, performance motivation doesn't notably influence it. KHi partially mediates the impact of knowledge territoriality and fully mediates the effect of relatedness on academic performance. Academic self-efficacy doesn't significantly moderate the relationship between KHi and academic performance.
Originality/Value: The study was conducted among students, bringing an academic perspective into the KHi literature. This study contributes new insights from a developing country to human resource management by examining KHi and academic performance within higher education—a previously unexplored context. Conducted among students, it enriches the KHi literature with valuable academic perspectives.
Practical/Policy implication: This study presents exciting insights for administrators and policymakers in academia. By establishing a model, the research highlights that the phenomenon of KHi exists among students, which may or may not have immediately apparent negative effects, especially when compared to an organizational context. However, it certainly does not bode well for their future in the workforce, where indulging in knowledge hiding within teams or groups as employees can be detrimental.
Ajzen, I. (1985). From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior. In Action Control. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
Ajzen, I. (2019). The Theory of Planned Behavior Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2).
Alfordy, F. D., & Othman, R. (2021). Students’ Perceptions of Factors Contributing to Performance in Accounting Principle Courses. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n5p18
Alshalawi, A. S. (2022). The adoption of social media applications for teaching purposes in higher education. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2022.2062712
Anand, A., Centobelli, P., & Cerchione, R. (2020). Why should I share knowledge with others? A review-based framework on events leading to knowledge hiding. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-06-2019-0174
Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice, 15th ed.
Asiah, M., Nik Zulkarnaen, K., Safaai, D., Nik Nurul Hafzan, M. Y., Mohd Saberi, M., & Siti Syuhaida, S. (2019). A Review on Predictive Modeling Technique for Student Academic Performance Monitoring. MATEC Web of Conferences, 255. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925503004
Bari, M. W., Abrar, M., Shaheen, S., Bashir, M., & Fanchen, M. (2019). Knowledge Hiding Behaviors and Team Creativity: The Contingent Role of Perceived Mastery Motivational Climate. SAGE Open, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019876297
Bhattacharya, S., & Sharma, P. (2019). Dilemma between “It’s My or It’s My Organization’s Territory”: Antecedent to knowledge hiding in Indian knowledge base industry. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.4018/IJKM.2019070102
Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
Blau, P. M. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. In Exchange and Power in Social Life. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643
Bock, G. W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.2307/25148669
Brown, G., Lawrence, T. B., & Robinson, S. L. (2005). Territoriality in Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 30(3).
Brown, G., Pierce, J. L., & Crossley, C. (2014). Toward an understanding of the development of ownership feelings. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1869
Brown, G., & Robinson, S. L. (2007). The dysfunction of territoriality in organizations. In Research Companion to the Dysfunctional Workplace: Management Challenges and Symptoms. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847207081.00023
Buhs, E. S. (2005). Peer rejection, negative peer treatment, and school adjustment: Self-concept and classroom engagement as mediating processes. Journal of School Psychology, 43(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.09.001
Camelo, K., & Elliott, M. (2019). Food insecurity and academic achievement among college students at a public university in the United States. Journal of College Student Development, 60(3). https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2019.0028
Cazan, A.-M. (2015). Learning Motivation, Engagement and Burnout among University Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.077
Černe, Nerstad, C. G. L., Dysvik, A., & Škerlavaj, M. (2014). What goes around comes around: Knowledge hiding, perceived motivational climate, and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 57(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0122
Chawla, R., & Gupta, V. (2020). Examining Role of Individual and Organization Factors in Knowledge Hiding tendencies of IT Sector Employees. Journal of Interdisiplinary Cycle Research, 12(10), 1128-1141. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344949416
Chemers, M. M., Hu, L. T., & Garcia, B. F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first-year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.55
Cheon, S. H., & Reeve, J. (2015). A classroom-based intervention to help teachers decrease students’ amotivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2014.06.004
Chin, W. W. (1998). Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 22(1).
Connelly, C. E., Ford, D. P., Gallupe, B., Turel, O., & Zweig, D. (2009). The effects of competition and time constraints on knowledge transfer: Exploratory findings from two experiments. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2009.429
Connelly, C. E., Zweig, D., Webster, J., & Trougakos, J. P. (2012). Knowledge hiding in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(1), 64–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.737
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods. McGraw-Hill.
de Clercq, D., Thongpapanl, N., & Dimov, D. (2009). When good conflict gets better and bad conflict becomes worse: The role of social capital in the conflict-innovation relationship. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-008-0122-0
Denton, D. W. (2014). Using screen capture feedback to improve academic performance. TechTrends, 58(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-014-0803-0
Dietz, B., van Knippenberg, D., Hirst, G., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2015). Outperforming whom? A multilevel study of performance-prove goal orientation, performance, and the moderating role of shared team identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038888
Dikaya, Dlamini Z. N., Dlamini P. C., Bocharova A., & Popenkova N. (2019). Structural-Functional Model Of An Organization, Implementing Employment Assistance and The Professional Preparation Of Psychologists. In Culture and Education: Social Transformations and Multicultural Communication, 197–204.
DuPaul, G. J., Rapport, M. D., & Perriello, L. M. (1991). Teacher Ratings of Academic Skills: The Development of the Academic Performance Rating Scale. School Psychology Review, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.1991.12085552
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A Social-Cognitive Approach to Motivation and Personality. Psychological Review, 95(2). https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256
Edney, J.J. (1974). Human territoriality. Psychological Bulletin, 81(12). https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037444
Eisenberger, R., Lynch, P., Aselage, J., & Rohdieck, S. (2004). Who takes the most revenge? Individual differences in negative reciprocity norm endorsement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204264047
Ekowati, D. (2019). Territoriality, psychological ownership and emotion: Organizational change in public service organizations. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(8).
Elias, S. M., & MacDonald, S. (2007). Using past performance, proxy efficacy, and academic self-efficacy to predict college performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(11). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00268.x
Evans, J. M., Hendron, M. G., & Oldroyd, J. B. (2015a). Withholding the ace: The individual- and unit-level performance effects of self-reported and perceived knowledge hoarding. Organization Science, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0945
Evans, J. M., Hendron, M. G., & Oldroyd, J. B. (2015b). Withholding the ace: The individual- and unit-level performance effects of self-reported and perceived knowledge hoarding. Organization Science, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0945
Firdous & Riaz. (2021). Autonomous & Controlled Motivation and Academic Outcomes Among University Students. Pakistan Journal of Educational Research, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.52337/pjer.v4i3.263
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975 Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. MA: Addison-Wesley.
Fronzetti Colladon, A., & Grippa, F. (2018). The Importance of Being Honest: Correlating Self-Report Accuracy and Network Centrality with Academic Performance. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 152(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2018.1459443
Furrer, C., & Skinner, E. (2003). Sense of relatedness as a factor in children’s academic engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.148
Garg, N., Talukdar, A., Ganguly, A., & Kumar, C. (2021). Knowledge hiding in academia: an empirical study of Indian higher education students. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(9). https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2020-0783
Groccia, J. E. (2018). What Is Student Engagement? New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2018(154). https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20287
Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications. Journal of Tourism Research, 6(2).
Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 117(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2016-0130
Haynes, T. L., Daniels, L. M., Stupnisky, R. H., Perry, R. P., & Hladkyj, S. (2008). The effect of attributional retraining on mastery and performance motivation among first-year college students. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/01973530802374972
He, P., Jiang, C., Xu, Z., & Shen, C. (2021). Knowledge Hiding: Current Research Status and Future Research Directions. Frontiers in Psychology,12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748237
Homans, G.C. (1958). Social Behavior as Exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6). https://doi.org/10.1086/222355
Huo, W., Cai, Z., Luo, J., Men, C., & Jia, R. (2016). Antecedents and intervention mechanisms: a multi-level study of R&D team’s knowledge hiding behavior. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2015-0451
Huo, W. W., Yi, H., Men, C., Luo, J., Li, X., & Tam, K. L. (2017). Territoriality, motivational climate, and idea implementation: We reap what we sow. Social Behavior and Personality, 45(11). https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6849
Issac, A. C., & Baral, R. (2018). Dissecting knowledge hiding: a note on what it is and what it is not. In Human Resource Management International Digest, 26(7). https://doi.org/10.1108/HRMID-09-2018-0179
Jain, C. K., Malik, D. S., & Yadav, A. K. (2016). Applicability of plant based biosorbents in the removal of heavy metals: a review. Environmental Processes,3(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-016-0143-5
Jer Yuen, T., & Majid, M. S. (2007). Knowledge-sharing patterns of undergraduate students in Singapore. Library Review, 56(6). https://doi.org/10.1108/00242530710760382
Kalangi, S., Weol, W., Tulung, J., & Rogahang, H. (2021). Principal Leadership Performance: Indonesian Case. The International Journal of Social Sciences World, 3(2).
Kavipriya, P. (2016). A Review on Predicting Students ’ Academic Performance Earlier , Using Data Mining Techniques. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 6(12).
Khoreva, V., & Wechtler, H. (2020). Exploring the consequences of knowledge hiding: an agency theory perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-11-2018-0514
King, R. B. (2015). Sense of relatedness boosts engagement, achievement, and well-being: A latent growth model study. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.04.002
Knifsend, C. A., Camacho-Thompson, D. E., Juvonen, J., & Graham, S. (2018). Friends in Activities, School-related Affect, and Academic Outcomes in Diverse Middle Schools. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0817-6
Kuncel, N. R., & Hezlett, S. A. (2007). Standardized tests predict graduate students’ success. Science,315(5815). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136618
Kuśnierz, C., Rogowska, A. M., & Pavlova, I. (2020). Examining gender differences, personality traits, academic performance, and motivation in Ukrainian and Polish students of physical education: A cross‐cultural study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165729
Laksmini, G. (2016). Berbagi Pengetahuan atau Tidak?: Dilema Akademisi Peneliti di Perguruan Tinggi.
Lepak, D. P., Takeuchi, R., & Snell, S. A. (2003). Employment flexibility and firm performance: Examining the interaction effects of employment mode, environmental dynamism, and technological intensity. Journal of Management, 29(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00031-X
Leung, C., Leung, J. T. Y., Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Hui, A., Lo, H., Tam, H. L., & Lai, S. (2021). Predictors to Happiness in Primary Students: Positive Relationships or Academic Achievement. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09928-4
Li, X., Wei, W. X., Huo, W., Huang, Y., Zheng, M., & Yan, J. (2020). You reap what you sow: knowledge hiding, territorial and idea implementation. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(8). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-05-2019-0339
Liu, X., & Flick, R. (2019). The relationship among psychological need satisfaction, class engagement, and academic performance: Evidence from China. Journal of Education for Business, 94(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2018.1541855
Lyman, S. M., & Scott, M. B. (1967). Territoriality: A Neglected Sociological Dimension. Social Problems, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1967.15.2.03a00090
Lyman, S. M., & Scott, M. B. (2017). Territoriality: A Neglected Sociological Dimension. In People and Buildings. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315126197-7
Midgley, C., Maehr, M. L., Hruda, L. Z., Anderman, E., Anderman, L., Freeman, K. E., Gheen, M., Kaplan, A., Kumar, R., Middleton, M. J., Nelson, J., & Roeser, R. (2000). Manual for the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Sciences (PALS). PALS.
Miguéis, V. L., Freitas, A., Garcia, P. J. V., & Silva, A. (2018). Early segmentation of students according to their academic performance: A predictive modelling approach. Decision Support Systems, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2018.09.001
Mikami, A. Y., Ruzek, E. A., Hafen, C. A., Gregory, A., & Allen, J. P. (2017). Perceptions of Relatedness with Classroom Peers Promote Adolescents’ Behavioral Engagement and Achievement in Secondary School. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0724-2
Moreira, P. A. S., Dias, A., Matias, C., Castro, J., Gaspar, T., & Oliveira, J. (2018). School effects on students’ engagement with school: Academic performance moderates the effect of school support for learning on students’ engagement. Learning and Individual Differences, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2018.07.007
Nguyen, T. M., Malik, A., & Budhwar, P. (2022). Knowledge hiding in organizational crisis: The moderating role of leadership. Journal of Business Research, 139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.026
OECD. (2022). Education at a Glance Database 2022. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/19991487
Paloș, R., Maricuţoiu, L. P., & Costea, I. (2019). Relations between academic performance, student engagement and student burnout: A cross-lagged analysis of a two-wave study. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.01.005
Pan, W., & Zhang, Q. (2014). A Study on Motivations of Graduate Students’ Knowledge Hiding Based on Wuli-Shili-Renli System Approach. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Management and Social Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.2991/icemss-14.2014.34
Peng, H. (2013). Why and when do people hide knowledge? Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-12-2012-0380
Pierce, J. L., Jussila, I., & Cummings, A. (2009). Psychological ownership within the job design context: Revision of the job characteristics model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.550
Rhee, Y. W., & Choi, J. N. (2017). Knowledge management behavior and individual creativity: Goal orientations as antecedents and in-group social status as moderating contingency. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2168
Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of university students’ academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026838
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Sackett, P. R., & Lievens, F. (2008). Personnel selection. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 419–450). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093716
Semerci, A. B. (2019). Examination of knowledge hiding with conflict, competition and personal values. International Journal of Conflict Management, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-03-2018-0044
Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The Theory of Reasoned Action: A Meta-Analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1086/209170
Singh, K.V, G., Malik, S., & Singh, P. (2016). Research Paper Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Students. PARIPEX - Indian Journal of Research, 5(4).
Singh, S. K. (2019). Territoriality, task performance, and workplace deviance: Empirical evidence on role of knowledge hiding. Journal of Business Research, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.034
Solas, E., & Sutton, F. (2018). Incorporating Digital Technology in the General Education Classroom. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.01.1
Steinberg, L., Dombusch, S. M., & Brown, B. B. (2016). Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement an ecological perspective. American Psychologist, 47(6), 723–729. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.47.6.723
Sulistiawan, J., Moslehpour, M., Diana, F., & Lin, P. K. (2022). Why and When Do Employees Hide Their Knowledge? Behavioral Sciences, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12020056
Sun, P.Y.T., & Scott, J.L. (2005). An investigation of barriers to knowledge transfer. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270510590236
Trigueros, R., Padilla, A., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Mercader, I., López-Liria, R., & Rocamora, P. (2020). The influence of transformational teacher leadership on academic motivation and resilience, burnout and academic performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207687
UNESCO. (2024). What you need to know about higher education. https://www.unesco.org/en/higher-education/need-know
Usán, P., Salavera, C., & Teruel, P. (2019). School motivation, goal orientation and academic performance in secondary education students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S215641
van Herpen, S. G. A., Meeuwisse, M., Hofman, W. H. A., & Severiens, S. E. (2020). A head start in higher education: the effect of a transition intervention on interaction, sense of belonging, and academic performance. Studies in Higher Education, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1572088
Vroom, V., Porter, L. , & Lawler, E. (2015). Expectancy theories. In J.B.Miner (ed.),Organizational Behavior. New York; Routledge.
Wang, Y., Han, M. S., Xiang, D., & Hampson, D. P. (2019). The double-edged effects of perceived knowledge hiding: empirical evidence from the sales context. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-04-2018-0245
Webster, J., Brown, G., Zweig, D., Connelly, C. E., Brodt, S., & Sitkin, S. (2008). Beyond knowledge sharing: Withholding knowledge at work. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management,27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(08)27001-5
Wold, H., & Bertholet, J. (1982). The PLS (Partial Least Squares) Approach to Multidimensional Contingency Tables.
World Bank. (2024). Tertiary Education Overview. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/tertiaryeducation
Wu, P., Zhang, R., & Luan, J. (2023). The effects of factors on the motivations for knowledge sharing in online health communities: A benefit-cost perspective. PLoS ONE, 18(6 June). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286675
Xu, G., Huang, Y., & Huang, S. (Sam). (2023). Informational justice and employee knowledge hiding behaviours: Mediation of organizational identification and moderation of justice sensitivity. Heliyon, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14697
Yang, K., & Ribiere, V. (2020). Drivers of knowledge hiding in the university context. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.36965/ojakm.2020.8(1)99-116
Yokoyama, S. (2019). Academic self-efficacy and academic performance in Online Learning: A mini review. Frontiers in Psychology,9(JAN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02794
Zajacova, A., Lynch, S. M., & Espenshade, T. J. (2005). Self-efficacy, stress, and academic success in college. Research in Higher Education,46(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-004-4139-z
Zhang, X., & Liu, S. (2022). Understanding relationship commitment and continuous knowledge sharing in online health communities: a social exchange perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-12-2020-0883
Zhang, Z., & Min, M. (2021). Organizational rewards and knowledge hiding: task attributes as contingencies. Management Decision, 59(10). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2020-0150
Zhu, Y., Chen, T., Wang, M., Jin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019). Rivals or allies: How performance-prove goal orientation influences knowledge hiding. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2372
Copyright (c) 2024 Dian Ekowati, Dea Salma Safira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. The author(s) hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The author(s) retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY).
