The Relationship Between Spirituality Level and The Incidence of Depression: A Study on Eleventh-Grade Students at Pondok Al-Hidayat Islamic Boarding School Krasak Demak
Downloads
ABSTRACT
Background: The depression incidence around Southeast Asia in 2017 was 85.67 million cases (27%), and 7.5% of it occurred in the 15-19 years old age group. In Indonesia, the incidence of depression in 2017 was 9,162,886 cases (3.7%). Depression can be a major cause of disability and even lead to suicide, promoting many studies to find factors that can prevent depression in teenagers, one of which is related to the spirituality level. Objective: Determining the relationship between spirituality level and the incidence of depression. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 106 samples is included. They were eleventh-grade students who only studied Salaf and students who studied both Salaf and general sciences at the Al-Hidayat Islamic Boarding School Krasak Temuroso Guntur, Demak in the 2019-2020 school year. Data was collected using the Spirituality Orientation Inventory questionnaire and the Child Depression Inventory questionnaire, then analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: The depression incidence among Al-Hidayat Islamic Boarding School students is 12%. Most students (93.5%) have a high spiritual level. There is a relationship between spirituality level and the incidence of depression in all eleventh-grade students, but no significant difference between spirituality level and the incidence of depression among the students who only study Salaf and the students who studied both Salaf and general sciences. Conclusion: The incidence of depression in Al-Hidayat Islamic Boarding School students is related to the spiritual level of students.
Keywords: depression, teenager, students, spiritual level, Islamic boarding school
. World Health Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders Global Health Estimates. 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf?sequence=1.
. Vilatte A, Marcotte D, Potvin A. Correlates of Depression in First-Year College Students. Canadian Journal of Higher Education. 2017;47(1):114-36.
. Damayanti M, Rungreangkulkij S. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among High School Students in Indonesia. Journal of Nursing Science & Health. 2016;39(1):132-45.
. Ngasa SN, Sama CB, Dzekem BS, et all. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Depression Among Medical Students In Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(216):1-7.
. Department of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Demak Regency. Recap of ODGJ Patient Visits. Demak; 2019.
. Ruz MEA, AL-Akash HY, Jarah S. The relationship between spirituality and depression among the elderly in Indonesia. The Open Nursing Journal. 2018;12:171-9.
. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition in DSM-5. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
. Praptikaningtyas AAI, Wahyuni AAS, Aryani LNA. The Relationship between Depression Levels in Adolescents and Academic Achievement in SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar. Udayana Medical Journal. 2019;8(7): 1-5.
. Saigo T, Hayashida M, Tayama J, et all. Prevention Of Depression In First-Year University Students With High Harm Avoidance Evaluation Of The Effects Of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy At 1-Year Follow-Up. Medicine. 2018;97(44):1-7.
. Zhao Y, Yu F, Wu Y, et all. Canadian Journal of Higher Education. Front Psychol. 2019.
. Peteet JR. Spiritually Integrated Treatment of Depression: A Conceptual Framework. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Depression Research and Treatment. 2012:1-6.
. Tabei SZ, Zarei N, Joulaei H. The Impact of Spirituality on Health. Shiraz E-Med J. 2016;17(6):1-6.
. Rentala S, Lau BHP, Chan CLW. Association Between Spirituality and Depression Among Depressive Disorder Patients in India. Journal of Spirituality in Mental health. 2017;19(4).
. Mahwati Y. The Relationship Between Spirituality And Depression Among The Elderly In Indonesia. So the Journal of Health. 2017.
. Ola M. Impact of Spirituality on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Students Preparing for Competitive Exams. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. 2016;3(3):31-36.
. Raftopoulos M, Bates GW. 'It's That Knowing That You Are Not Alone': The Role Of Spirituality In Adolescent Resilience. International Journal of Children's Spirituality. 2011;16(2):151-167.
. Song Y, Lindquist R. Effects Of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction On Depression, Anxiety, Stress, And Mindfulness In Korean Nursing Students. Nurses Education Today. 2015;35(1):86-90.
. Hepi Wahyuningsih. Construct Validity of Spirituality Orientation Inventory (SOI) Measuring Tool. Journal of Psychology. 2009:36(2).
. Razak A, Mokhtar MK, Solomon WSW. Islamic Spiritual Therapy A Model For Depression Disorder Prevention. Da'wah Tabligh Journal, 2013. 14(1):141-51.
. Sequeira, M.-E., Lewis, SJ, Bonilla, C., Smith, GD, & Joinson, C. Association of timing of menarche with depressive symptoms and depression in adolescence: Mendelian randomization study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2017. 210(1), 39–46.
. Baldursdottir, B., Valdimarsdottir, HB, Krettek, A., Gylfason, HF, & Sigfusdottir, ID Age-related differences in physical activity and depressive symptoms among 10−19-year-old adolescents: A population based study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2017. 28(Suppl. C), 91–99.
. Langvik, E., Saksvik-Lehouillier, I., Kennair, LEO, Sorengaard, TA, and Bendixen, M. Gender differences in factors associated with symptoms of depression among high school students: an examination of the direct and indirect effects of insomnia symptoms and physical activity. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine. 2019; 7(1).
. Bhattarai D, Shrestha N, Paudel S. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among higher secondary school adolescents of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e044042.
. Paudel S, Gautam H, Adhikari C, et al. Depression, anxiety and stress among the undergraduate students of Pokhara metropolitan, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2020;18:27–34.
. Latiff, AL, Tajik E, Ibrahim N, et al. Depression and its associated factors among secondary school students in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2016;47:131–41.
. Hakiqi, SA 2013. Differences in Depression Levels of Al-Qodiri Madrasah Adolescents Who Live at Home and Al-Qodiri Islamic Boarding Schools, Patrang District, Jember Regency. Jember University Nursing Science Study Program.
. Arsita, AS 2016. The Differences in Depression Levels of Female Students in Xidi Class at Al-Mukmin Islamic Boarding School and at SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo. Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Copyright (c) 2022 Linda Sulistiyowati, Alifiati Fitrikasari, Natalia Dewi Wardani, Widodo Sarjana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Copyright of this journal is possession of the Author, by the knowledge of the Editorial Board and Journal Manager, while the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
3. The articles are published under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license. Many research funding bodies prefer the CC BY-SA license because it allows for maximum dissemination and re-use of open access materials. Users are free to share (copy, distribute, and transmit) and remix (adapt) the contribution under this license, including for commercial purposes, as long as they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.