Sleeping Patterns, Personality Insights, and Emotional Savvy: A Study of Medical Students at Hang Tuah University in Surabaya
Introduction: Adequate sleep is crucial for adolescent health because sleep deprivation can induce moodiness and frustration. Personality, encompassing introversion and extraversion, influences behavior and interaction patterns. Emotional intelligence pertains to the recognition and management of one’s own emotions and those of others. Methods: This study explored the relationships among sleep quality, personality type, and emotional intelligence among 5th and 7th semester students at the Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University Surabaya, from 2024--2025. Using a descriptive analytic design and cross-sectional approach, 196 respondents were selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Personality Type Questionnaire, and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, which are distributed online. No personally identifiable information was collected, ensuring the full anonymity of the respondents. Results: Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between sleep quality and personality type (r = 0.235, p = 0.0005), between sleep quality and emotional intelligence (r = 0.212, p = 0.0005), and between personality type and emotional intelligence (r = 0.1476, p = 0.0005). Poor sleep quality was associated with lower emotional intelligence, indicating that sleep affects emotional awareness. Similarly, personality type was correlated with variations in emotional intelligence. Conclusion: This study revealed significant correlations between sleep quality, personality type, and emotional intelligence among medical students, suggesting that these factors play a key role in their emotional wellness.
Introduction
Sleep is a condition in which a person loses perception and reaction to the environment but can still be awakened by certain stimuli. Sleep is a basic physiological need that is essential for restoring stamina and energy and ensuring that the body functions normally. Everyone needs adequate sleep so that the body can rest and repair itself to return to optimal conditions[1]. There are two phases of sleep, whose names depend on whether the eyes move behind closed eyelids: nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep[2],[3]. Sleep is thought to have many functions, including neural maturation, facilitation of learning or memory, thinking, clearance of metabolites from waking neural activity, and energy conservation[4]. Sleep quality can be classified into quantitative and qualitative categories. The quantitative aspects that can be measured include sleep duration, frequency of awakening, average sleep time, and intensity of sleep disturbances. Qualitative aspects are related to the quality of sleep, such as deep and regular sleep. Good sleep quality occurs when a person sleeps peacefully and regularly. Conversely, poor sleep quality can be caused by irregular sleeping habits and insufficient sleep duration[5].
Several factors affect sleep quality, including age, medical disorders, occupation, environment, travel, stress, and lifestyle[1]. Personality is a unique part of an individual who influences their behavior and ability to adapt to the environment. Personality also reflects traits that lead to consistency in a person's feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Personality types are divided into two types: extroverted and introverted. Extrovert: Characteristics include being sociable, active, optimistic, talkative, crowd-loving, and risk-taking. They also prefer to participate in social activities and entertainment events. Introverts: In contrast, introverts tend to be more passive, be less sociable, prefer reading, be meticulous, be quiet, prefer solitude, and dislike crowds. Emotional intelligence is the ability to control one’s emotions, regulate mood, and manage stress. It also includes the ability to think clearly, face challenges, motivate oneself, empathize, and respond well to one's own and others' feelings[6],[7],[8],[9]. The emotional intelligence (EQ) of students strongly affects their academic achievement. Students with good EQ can control their emotions, motivate themselves, deal with frustration, regulate their mood, and empathize. Emotional intelligence helps students achieve their goals and desires and cooperate with others. Today, the development of emotional intelligence is often referred to as the emotional quotient (EQ). The aspects of emotional intelligence according to Goleman are self-recognition, self-control, motivation, empathy, and skills[10],[11],[12],[13],[14].
Poor sleep duration and quality, daily activities, physical health, and psychological conditions can affect a person's emotions and mood. Psychological stress, which is influenced by certain personality types, can affect sleep quality, which in turn impacts emotional stability and performance. Sleep problems are often experienced by university students, especially medical students, who tend to be sleep deprived due to the large number of class hours, study assignments, clinical pressure, emotional stress, lifestyle, and excessive use of social media[15],[16]. Sleep is important because it affects various functions of the human body, especially emotional intelligence and personality type, which in turn have an impact on a person's learning achievements. To address this problem, a study was conducted to understand the relationships between sleep quality and personality type and emotional intelligence in 5th- and 7th-semester students from 2024--2025 at the Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University Surabaya.
Methods
Analytical observational research using cross-sectional studies and questionnaires was conducted via simple random sampling at the Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University Surabaya, from 2024--2025. The research variables studied were sleep quality and personality type in terms of emotional intelligence in the 5th-and 7th-semester students of the Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya. To ensure the privacy and confidentiality of the research participants, all the data were collected and analyzed anonymously. No personally identifiable information, such as names, student IDs, or email addresses, was recorded or stored. All the obtained data were used only for research purposes. The ethical feasibility of this study was assessed by the Health Research Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya (reference number: 1/088/UHT.KEPK.03/VIII/2024).
Results
| Characteristics | N (%) |
| Gender | |
Male | 51 (26.0) |
Female | 145 (74.0) |
Total | 196 (100.0) |
| Age | |
18 | 5 (2.6) |
19 | 23 (11.7) |
20 | 43 (21.9) |
21 | 41 (20.9) |
22 | 40 (20.4) |
23 | 27 (13.8) |
24 | 17 (8.7) |
Total | 196 (100) |
Semester | |
Five (5th) | 80 (40.8) |
Seven (7th) | 116 (59.2) |
Total | 196 (100.0) |
| Sleep Quality | N (%) | Personality type | N (%) |
Good | 40 (20.4) | ||
Simply | 72 (36.7) | Introvert | 83 (42.3) |
Bad enough | 61 (31.2) | Extrovert | 113 (57.7) |
Very bad | 23 (11.7) | ||
Total | 196 (100) | 196 (100) |
| Emotional intelligence | N (%) |
Very unemotional | 3 (1.5) |
Quite unemotional | 52 (26.5) |
Medium | 120 (61.2) |
Moderately emotional | 19 (9.7) |
Very emotional | 2 (1.1) |
Total | 196 (100.0) |
| Sleep Quality | Personality Type | Emotional Intelligence | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Introvert N (%) | Extrovert N (%) | Very unemotional N (%) | Moderately unemotional N (%) | Moderate N (%) | Moderately emotional N (%) | Very emotional N (%) | |
| Good | 20 (10.2) | 20 (10.2) | 1 (0.5) | 14 (7.1) |
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