Tinjauan Literatur: Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya Pencegahan Sistematis Terhadap Perceraian
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Latar Belakang: Angka perceraian di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 408.202 kasus dan meningkat sebanyak 439.002 kasus pada tahun 2019. Angka perceraian yang meningkat bertentangan dengan tujuan perkawinan karena tidak tercapainya salah satu dari fungsi keluarga dan kesehatan keluarga. Tujuan: Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai faktor-faktor penentu perceraian dan upaya Promosi Kesehatan yang dapat dilaksanakan.
Metode: Penulisan artikel ini mengikuti komponen dari artikel lain yang sesuai untuk tinjauan sistematik dan Meta-Analisis. Penulisan tinjauan literatur dilakukan dengan cara mencari dan mengutip jurnal sistematis yang berkaitan dengan faktor penentu perceraian dan upaya pencegahan sistematik kasus perceraian. Pada awalnya, terdapat 61 artikel yang sesuai dengan kata kunci yang meliputi, faktor penentu, pencegahan sistematis, dan perceraian. Artikel diperoleh dari Jurnal Internasional dan Jurnal Nasional sebanyak 61 artikel, terdapat 29 artikel yang ditinjau dipilih berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan tujuan penulisan artikel.
Hasil: Faktor Demografis yang menjadi pemicu perceraian yaitu ketidaksiapan untuk berumah tangga baik secara fisik dan emosional, ketidakcocokan, perselingkuhan, dan kekerasan baik secara fisik dan psikologis. Faktor Sosial-Ekonomi yang menjadi pemicu perceraian yaitu sumber daya ekonomi yang kurang serta penghasilan istri lebih besar dari pada suami. Terjadi perubahan dalam hubungan antara pendidikan wanita dan perceraian, di beberapa negara wanita berpendidikan tinggi lebih cenderung bercerai. Faktor Budaya yang terjadi di Afrika, perceraian dianggap sebagai dosa terhadap Tuhan, alam, dan masyarakat.
Kesimpulan: Faktor penentu perceraian meliputi Faktor Demografis, Faktor Sosial-Ekonomi, Faktor Pendidikan, dan Faktor Budaya. Tindakan pencegahan sistematis yang dapat dilakukan yaitu pendewasaan usia perkawinan, kelas calon pengantin atau seminar pranikah, kerjasama lintas sektor untuk pendampingan terhadap anak korban perceraian, dan lain sebagainya.
Kata kunci: Faktor penentu, Pencegahan Sistematis, Perceraian
Abstract
Background: The divorce rate in Indonesia in 2018 was 408,202 cases and increased by 439,002 cases in 2019. The increasing divorce rate is contrary to the purpose of marriage because one of the family functions and family health is not achieved.
Objectives: This article will discuss the determinants of divorce and what Health Promotion efforts can take.
Methods: The writing of this article follows the components of other articles suitable for systematic review and Meta-analysis. Writing a literature review is done by searching for and quoting systematic journals related to determinants of divorce and systematic prevention of divorce cases. In the beginning, 61 articles fit the keywords covering, determinants, systematic prevention, and divorce. There are 61 articles obtained from international journals and national journals, 29 articles reviewed were selected based on their suitability to write the article. Results: Demographic factors that trigger divorce are physical and emotional unpreparedness for marriage, incompatibility, infidelity, and violence both physically and psychologically. Socio-economic factors that trigger divorce are less economic resources and the wife's income is greater than that of the husband. There have been changes in the relationship between women's education and divorce, with more educated women in some countries more likely to divorce. Cultural factors that occur in Africa, divorce is considered a sin against God, nature, and society.
Conclusion: The determinants of divorce include demographic factors, socio-economic factors, educational factors, and cultural factors. Systematic prevention measures that can be taken are the maturity of marriage age, future bridal classes or premarital seminars, cross-sector cooperation for assistance to children who are victims of divorce, and so on.
Keywords: Determinants, Systematic Prevention, Divorce
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