Risk Factors of Fetal/Infant Outcome in Pregnant Women with Cancer in East Java Indonesia: Epidemiological Study
Background: Cancer during pregnancy is a rare event, despite its rarity, its incidence nowadays keeps on increasing worldwide.
Objective: This study aims to describe the available data on pregnant women with cancer in East Java- Indonesia, maternal outcomes and fetal outcomes, and knowing the risk factors of bad fetal outcomes in pregnant women with cancer from an epidemiological point of view.
Method: This is a quantitative observational study of pregnant women with cancer in East Java Indonesia. Its design is a Cross-sectional study. Data collection was obtained from secondary data (the medical report in the Obgyn department at Dr. Seotomo Hospital from 2016 – 2020). Data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS program version 25.
Result: The results showed that from 2016 to 2020, 54 cases of pregnant women with cancer had been extracted with an incident rate 0.8%. The incident rate of Non-Obgyn Cancer (55.6%) is higher than Obgyn Cancer (44.4%). The highest incident rates in non-Obgyn Cancer are Breast cancer (7.5%) and Leukemia (3.7%), while the highest incident rates in Obgyn Cancer are Cervical and Ovarian (8.4%). There was no relationship between cancer type and fetal outcomes, while there is a relationship between cancer stage and fetal outcomes.
Conclusion: Cancer stage could be risk factor for fetal outcomes in Indonesian pregnant women with cancer.
Amant, F. et al. (2019) ‘Gynecologic cancers in pregnancy: Guidelines based on a third international consensus meeting', Annals of Oncology, 30(10), pp. 1601–1612. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz228.
Azim, H.A. (2016) Managing Cancer During Pregnancy. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. . Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28800-0.
Beharee, N. et al. (2019) ‘Diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in pregnant women', Cancer Medicine, 8(12), pp. 5425–5430. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2435.
Brenner, B., Avivi, I. and Lishner, M. (2012) ‘Haematological cancers in pregnancy', The Lancet, 379(9815), pp. 580–587. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61348-2.
DÅ‚uski, D.F. et al. (2020) ‘Ovarian cancer and pregnancy”a current problem in perinatal medicine: A comprehensive review', Cancers, 12(12), pp. 1–18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123795.
Durrani, S., Akbar, S. and Heena, H. (2018) ‘Breast Cancer During Pregnancy', Cureus, 10(7), pp. e2941–e2955. Available at: https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.2941.
Eibye, S., Kjí¦r, S.K. and Mellemkjí¦r, L. (2013) ‘Incidence of Pregnancy-Associated Cancer in Denmark, 1977–2006', Obstetrics & Gynecology, 12(3), pp. 608–617. Available at: https://doi.org/doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a057a2.
Esposito, G. et al. (2021) ‘Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in women with pregnancy-associated cancer: a population-based study in Lombardy, Northern Italy', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03508-4.
Field, A. (2017) Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. 5th ed. Los Angeles: SAGE.
de Haan, J. et al. (2018) ‘Cancer-related maternal mortality and delay in diagnosis and treatment: A case series on 26 cases', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), pp. 1–6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1639-3.
Jayalie, V.F., Priantono, D. and Amin, Z. (2018) ‘An Indonesian Pregnant Woman with Lung Cancer and Liver Metastasis : A Case Report', Indonesian Journal of Cancer, 12(2), p. 67. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v12i2.580.
Kataoka, M.C. et al. (2018) ‘Smoking during pregnancy and harm reduction in birth weight: A cross-sectional study', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1694-4.
van der Kooi, A.L.L.F. et al. (2018) ‘Perinatal risks in female cancer survivors: A population-based analysis', PLoS ONE, 13(8), pp. e0202805–e0202815. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202805.
Kotlar, B. et al. (2021) ‘The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal health: a scoping review', Reproductive Health, 18(1), pp. 1–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01070-6.
Lu, D. et al. (2017) ‘Maternal cancer during pregnancy and risks of stillbirth and infant mortality', Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35(14), pp. 1522–1529. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.69.9439.
Maggen, C. et al. (2020) ‘Pregnancy and Cancer: the INCIP Project', Current Oncology Reports, 22(17), pp. 16–27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-0862-7.
Meaney, S. et al. (2022) ‘The impact of COVID-19 on pregnant womens' experiences and perceptions of antenatal maternity care, social support, and stress-reduction strategies', Women and Birth, 35(3), pp. 307–316. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2021.04.013.
Momen, N.C. et al. (2018) ‘Pregnancy-associated cancers and birth outcomes in children: A Danish and Swedish population-based register study', BMJ Open, 8(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022946.
Nnaji, C.A. and Moodley, J. (2020) ‘Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnosis, treatment and research in African health systems: A review of current evidence and contextual perspectives', ecancermedicalscience, 15, pp. 1170–1180. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3332/ECANCER.2021.1170.
Octovianus, J., Kuntari, S. and Djatmiko, A. (2015) ‘Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer di Rumah Sakit Onkologi Surabaya 2006 –2014', Indonesian Journal of Cancer , 9(2), pp. 59–64. Available at: https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v9i2.377.
Parazzini, F. et al. (2017) ‘Frequency of pregnancy related cancer: a population-based linkage study in Lombardy, Italy', Int J Gynecol Cancer , 27(3), pp. 613–619. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000904.
Patt, D. et al. (2020) ‘Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Care: How the Pandemic Is Delaying Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment for American Seniors', JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, 4(3), pp. 1059–1071. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1200/CCI.20.
Smorti, M., Ponti, L. and Tani, F. (2019) ‘The effect of Maternal Depression and aniety on labour and the Well-being of the newborn', J Obstet Gynecol , 39(4), pp. 492–497. Available at: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2018.1536697.
Stensheim, H. et al. (2009) ‘Cause-specific survival for women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or lactation: A registry-based cohort study', Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(1), pp. 45–51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.17.4110.
Vanessa Martono, I. et al. (2021) ‘BREAST CANCER IN PREGNANCY AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL: A SERIAL CASE', Diponegoro Medical Journal , 10(2), pp. 90–99. Available at: http://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/medico.
Voulgaris, E., Pentheroudakis, G. and Pavlidis, N. (2011) ‘Cancer and pregnancy: A comprehensive review', Surgical Oncology, 20(4), pp. e175–e185. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2011.06.002.
Waimey, K.E. et al. (2015) ‘Understanding Fertility in Young Female Cancer Patients', Journal of Women's Health, 24(10), pp. 812–818. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5194.
Weiderpass, E. and Labrèche, F. (2012) ‘Malignant tumors of the female reproductive system', Safety and Health at Work, 3(3), pp. 166–180. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.3.166.
Weisz, B., Schiff, E. and Lishner, M. (2001) ‘Cancer in pregnancy: maternal and fetal implications', Human Reproductive Update, 7(4), pp. 384–393. Available at: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1093/humupd/7.4.384.
WHO (2020) Cancer Indonesia 2018 country profile. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/cancer-idn-2020 (Accessed: 8 November 2021).
WHO (2021) Indonesia: Globocan 2020. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/360-indonesia-fact-sheets.pdf (Accessed: 8 November 2021).
Widiyanto, J. and Lismawati, G. (2019) ‘Maternal age and anemia are risk factors of low birthweight of newborn', Enfermería Clínica, 29(1), pp. 94–97. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2018.11.010.
Wolters, V. et al. (2021) ‘Management of pregnancy in women with cancer', International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 31(3), pp. 314–322. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-001776.
Zhang, Y.P. et al. (2019) ‘Maternal and neonatal outcomes of cancer during pregnancy: A multi-center observational study', Journal of Cancer, 10(23), pp. 5727–5734. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.33746.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nardeen Adel Mekhail Naoum, Ernawati Darmawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Media Gizi Kesmas by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain the publishing right of the article without restrictions.
2. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
3. The Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violations.
