Nutritional Difference in Infants: Contrasting Carbohydrate and Lipid Profiles Between Normal and Obese States
Background: Human milk (HM) is the best nutritional source for infant to support their growth during 6 months. Breastfed infants were thinner compared to formula-fed infants, but some breastfed infants are overweight/obese.
Objective: to compare the macronutrient content of HM in normal and overweight/obese infants aged under 12 months old.
Methods: A case-control study design, was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya on March–April 2018. HM of the infant overweight and obese was included in OW (overweight) group, while HM of the infant with normal nutritional status was included in N (normal) group. The HM samples were obtained from lactating mothers who breastfed predominantly, the baby's age ranged from 1-12 months old. HM macronutrients are measured using a human milk analyzer (HMA) (MIRIS®, Uppsala, Sweden). Statistical analysis conducted was Fisher exact Test and Pearson Chi-square, significant if p<0.05.
Results: A total of 20 lactating women were enrolled in this study, 2 are overweight infants and 8 are obese, obtained at the OW group. A total of 10 infants with normal weight were obtained in the N group. Lipid content in the OW group is higher than in the N group (4.3±1.7 vs. 2.4±1.0 g, p=0.005). Protein content was almost similar in both groups (p=0.122). Carbohydrate was lower in the OW group (2.4±0.7 g) than in the N group (3.4±0.6 g), p=0.007. The energy content of HM in the OW group was higher (54.975+40.49 kcal/ml) than in the N group (54.33±13.38 kcal/ml, p=0.000).
Conclusion: Lipids contained in HM likely affected the incidence of overweight/obese infant than other macronutrients.
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