Perbandingan Efektivitas Buah Mangga, Jeruk, dan Naga terhadap Penurunan Kadar Low-Density Lipoprotein (Studi pada Tikus Sprague Dawley Hiperkolesterolemia)
Unduhan
Latar Belakang: Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan kondisi kadar kolesterol dalam darah melebihi batas normal. Buah-buahan seperti mangga gedong gincu, jeruk manis dan naga merah mengandung zat gizi yang menurunkan kadar kolesterol seperti serat, vitamin C, flavonoid, dan karotenoid.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas buah mangga gedong gincu,jeruk manis, dan naga merah dalam menurunkan kadar LDL.
Metode: Menggunakan desain randomized controlled pre-posttest design. Subjek menggunakan hewan coba (tikus) sebanyak 30 ekor terbagi acak dalam lima kelompok. Kelompok K1 pakan standar, sedangkan K2, K3, K4, K5 diberikan pakan HFD (High Fat Diet) sampai hiperkolesterolemia. Selanjutnya K3 diberikan mangga gedong gincu 3,6 mL/200g BB, K4 jeruk manis 9 mL/200g BB, K5 naga merah 3,6 mL/200g BB.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok K3 memiliki rata-rata perubahan kadar LDL sebanyak -38,65±3,44 mg/dL (p = 0,000), K4 (-48,36±3,80 mg/dL, p = 0,000) dan K5 (-51,88±2,21 mg/dL, p = 0,000).
Kesimpulan: Pemberian buah mangga gedong gincu, jeruk manis, dan naga merah menurunkan Kolesterol LDL. Pemberian buah naga memiliki efektivitas lebih tinggi menurunkan Kolesterol LDL sebesar -51,88±2,21 mg/dL.
Agustina, K.K. (2015) “Kesejahteraan Hewan Laboratorium,” Denpasar: Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universitas Udayana [Preprint].
Ali, Z. et al. (2015) “Effect on lipid profile parameters by the addition of orange juice in diet of hypercholesterolemic patients,” J Nutr Food Sci, 5(428), hal. 2.
Amini, M.R. et al. (2023) “Orange juice intake and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials,” Journal of Nutritional Science, 12, hal. e37.
Apriyanto, D.R. dan Frisqila, C. (2016) “Perbandingan Efektivitas Ekstrak dan Fermentasi Buah Naga Merah Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Pada Tikus Putih Yang Dibuat Hiperkolesterolemia,” Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan, 3(3).
Aryani, T. dan Mu’awanah, I.A.U. (2019) “Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antosianin Daging Buah Naga (Hylocereus costaricensis) Dan Sirup Buah Naga (Hylocereus costaricensis),” in Prosiding Symbion (Symposium On Biology Education). Prodi Pendidikan Biologi, FKIP, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
Belete, A.K. et al. (2023) “Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia and Awareness of Risk Factors, Prevention and Management Among Adults Visiting Referral Hospital in Ethiopia,” Vascular Health and Risk Management, 19(March), hal. 181–191. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S408703.
Bonekamp, N.E. et al. (2024) “Diet in secondary prevention: the effect of dietary patterns on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis,” Nutrition Journal, 23(1), hal. 18.
Budiatmaja, A.C. dan Noer, E.R. (2014) “Pengaruh pemberian jus buah naga merah (Hylrocereus polyrhizus) terhadap kadar kolesterol total pria hiperkolesterolemia,” Journal of Nutrition College, 3(4), hal. 655–664.
Civeira, F. et al. (2022) “A mechanism-based operational definition and classification of hypercholesterolemia,” Journal of clinical lipidology, 16(6), hal. 813–821.
Damayanti, A.Y. et al. (2023) “Subcutaneous Fat Thickness with HDL and LDL Levels in Overweight Female Students.,” Amerta Nutrition, 7.
Devaraj, S., Jialal, I. dan Vega-López, S. (2004) “Plant sterol-fortified orange juice effectively lowers cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic healthy individuals,” Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 24(3), hal. e25–e28.
Elfariyanti, E. et al. (2022) “Analisis kandungan vitamin C dan aktivitas antioksidan buah-buahan khas dataran tinggi Gayo Aceh,” Jurnal kedokteran dan kesehatan: Publikasi ilmiah fakultas kedokteran universitas sriwijaya, 9(2), hal. 161–170.
Fam, V.W. et al. (2020) “Prospective evaluation of mango fruit intake on facial wrinkles and erythema in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical pilot study,” Nutrients, 12(11), hal. 3381.
Gropper, S.S. dan Smith, J.L. (2013) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Cengage Learning.
Haryanto, A. dan Sayogo, S. (2013) “Hiperkolesterolemia: Bagaimana Peran Hesperidin,” CDK-200, 40(1), hal. 12–15.
Huang, H.-Y. et al. (2002) “Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on in vivo lipid peroxidation: results of a randomized controlled trial,” The American journal of clinical nutrition, 76(3), hal. 549–555.
Husen, F. et al. (2022) “Peningkatan Kadar Kolesterol dan Usia pada Ibu Rumah Tangga,” Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 11, hal. 351–359.
Kemenkes RI, D.J.P. dan P.P. (2023) Ditjen P2P Laporan Kinerja Semester 1 Tahun 2023. Jakarta.
Kullawong, N. et al. (2021) “Factors associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among hill tribe people aged 30 years and over in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.,” BMC public health, 21(1), hal. 498. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10577-3.
Kurnia, A. (2014) “Khasiat Ajaib Jeruk Nipis–Dari AZ untuk Kesehatan dan Kecantikan,” Yogyakarta: Rapha Publishing. Halaman, hal. 4–9.
Kurniawaty, E. dan Yusnita, A.R. (2017) “Pengaruh konsumsi bluberi (Vaccinium cyanococcus) terhadap penurunan oksidasi LDL sebagai pengobatan untuk penyakit jantung koroner,” Jurnal Majority, 5(3), hal. 6–10.
Liu, J. et al. (2021) “Association between fruit consumption and lipid profile among children and adolescents: a national cross-sectional study in China,” Nutrients, 14(1), hal. 63.
Liztari, T. (2017) “Pengaruh Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Bahan Pengikat Terhadap Karakteristik Tablet Effervescent Mangga (Mangnifera Indica L) Var Gedong Gincu.” Fakultas Teknik.
Malekmohammad, K., Sewell, R.D.E. dan Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2019) “Antioxidants and atherosclerosis: mechanistic aspects,” Biomolecules, 9(8), hal. 301.
Martinez-Hervas, S. dan Ascaso, J.F. (2019) “Hypercholesterolemia,” in I. Huhtaniemi dan L.B.T.-E. of E.D. (Second E. Martini (ed.). Oxford: Academic Press, hal. 320–326. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.65340-0.
MARYANTO, S. (2003) “Pengaruh Pemberian Serat Buah Jambu Bim (Psidium Guajava L) Terhadap Profit, Lipid Serum Tikus Sprague Dawley Hiperkolesterolemia (The Effect of Guava Fiber on Serum Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley Rats).” Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro.
Masrouri, S. et al. (2024) “Impact of optimal cholesterol levels on subclinical atherosclerosis in the absence of risk factors in young adults,” Atherosclerosis, hal. 117520.
Milind, P. dan Dev, C. (2012) “Orange: range of benefits,” International research journal of pharmacy, 3(7), hal. 59–63.
Mollace, V. et al. (2019) “Hypoglycemic and hypolipemic effects of a new lecithin formulation of bergamot polyphenolic fraction: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study,” Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders), 19(2), hal. 136–143.
Nurbaya, S. et al. (2018) “Penentuan Kadar Vitamin C Pada Jeruk Manis (Citrussinensis) Menggunakan Metode Titrasi Titrasi Na-2, 6 Dichlorophenol Indophenol Dan Spektrofotometri,” Jurnal Farmanesia, 5(1), hal. 7–10.
Oktaviani, E.P. (2014) “Kualitas dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Minuman Probiotik dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Ekstrak Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus).” UAJY.
Organization, W.H. (2000) General guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicine. World Health Organization.
Pamungkas, R.P. (2019) “Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Jeruk Manis (Citrus Sinensis) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Ldl Di Dalam Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Sebagai Sumber Belajar Biologi.” University Of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Pangestuti, D. (2019) “Pengaruh Pemberian Air Perasan Jeruk Nipis (citrus Aurantifolia Swingle) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Pada Mencit Hiperkolesterolemia,” Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan, 4(1), hal. 42–47.
Prakoso, Z. (2006) “Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar LDL dan HDL Kolesterol Serum Tikus Wistar Jantan Hiperlipidemia Setelah Perlakuan Jus Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera Linn).” Faculty of Medicine.
Pramesti, R. (2013) “Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak rumput laut Caulerpa serrulata dengan metode DPPH (1, 1 difenil 2 pikrilhidrazil),” Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 2(2), hal. 7–15.
Radinawati, S.H., Wahyuningsih, S. dan Astriana, K. (2022) “Pengaruh Pemberian Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) terhadap Kadar Ldl dan Hdl Pada Mahasiswi Obesitas,” Medika Respati: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 17(3), hal. 141–150.
Rosas Jr, M. et al. (2022) “Effects of fresh mango consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults,” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 32(2), hal. 494–503.
Sari, R.P. dan Damayanty, A.E. (2018) “Pemberian air perasan jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis) meningkatkan kadar LDL kolesterol serum.(Studi pada mahasiswa obese FK UMSU),” ANATOMICA MEDICAL JOURNAL| AMJ, 1(2), hal. 92–101.
Schmidt, A.F. et al. (2023) “Biomedical consequences of elevated cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes,” Communications medicine, 3(1), hal. 9.
Schoeneck, M. dan Iggman, D. (2021) “The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels: A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials,” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31(5), hal. 1325–1338.
Shabrina, E. et al. (2022) “Changes in sugar, salt, and fat intake among obese adults: cohort study,” Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics), 10(3), hal. 109. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2022.10(3).109-118.
Sigit, S. et al. (2010) “Effect of black soybean extract supplementation in low density lipoprotein level of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with high fat diet,” Majalah Ilmu Faal Indonesia, 9(3), hal. 217–221.
Siswanto, S. (2014) “Buku studi diet total: Survei konsumsi makanan individu Indonesia 2014.” Lembaga Penerbitan Badan Litbangkes.
Sp, I., Manurung, M. dan Puspawati, N.M. (2015) “Efektifitas antosianin kulit buah jamblang (Syzygium cumini) sebagai penurun low density lipoprotein darah tikus wistar yang mengalami hiperkolesterolemia,” Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry), 3(12), hal. 9–23.
Suhery, W.N., Fernando, A. dan Has, N. (2016) “Uji aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak bekatul padi ketan merah dan hitam (Oryza sativa L. var. Glutinosa) dan formulasinya dalam sediaan krim,” PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 13(1), hal. 101–115.
Yokozawa, T., Nakagawa, T. dan Kitani, K. (2002) “Antioxidative activity of green tea polyphenol in cholesterol-fed rats,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(12), hal. 3549–3552.
Zaki, I. dan Johan, A. (2015) “Pengaruh pemberian jus mangga terhadap profil lipid dan malondialdehyde pada tikus yang diberi minyak jelantah,” Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 3(2), hal. 108–115.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Ibnu Zaki, Afina Rachma Sulistyaning, Hesti Permata Sari, Widya Ayu Kurnia Putri , Farras Fauzan Munawar
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Media Gizi Kesmas by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain the publishing right of the article without restrictions.
2. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
3. The Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violations.
