The effect of herbal medicine in reducing the severity of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Downloads
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous disease of unknown aetiology. The reported use of herbal medicines may promote the healing of OLP lesions. Purpose: We aim to determine the effectiveness of herbal medicine to reduce the clinical and pain severity of OLP. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Wiley Online Library were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was performed for the randomised control trial (RCT) and cohort studies to assess the effectiveness of herbal medicines for OLP treatment. Outcomes were recorded based on pain severity and the quality of life of patients with OLP. The mean difference and effect size of studies were pooled. Reviews: Out of 1,034 papers, six publications were selected and reviewed. The most common types of OLP lesions were erosive and atrophic and were mainly found at the buccal site. OLP was common in the range of 27–74 years, especially in females. The herbal medicines used in the publication were curcumin, lycopene, purslane, aloe vera and quercetin. Improvement in quality of life or OLP severity was recorded in the intervention group treated with purslane, curcumin and lycopene (P<0.05) but not in the control group. The total effect of herbal medicine in reducing pain severity (measured with the Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) in OLP patients was not significant (mean difference 0.13; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.463; p=0.442). Conclusions: Herbal medicine cannot be used as a single regime to reduce pain severity. Further research is recommended to evaluate cohort design studies to observe the prolonged effect of herbal medicine in OLP lesions. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021262282 (2021)
Downloads
Nosratzehi T. Oral lichen planus: an overview of potential risk factors, biomarkers and treatments. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018; 19(5): 1161–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.5.1161
González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S, González-Ruiz I, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Lenouvel D, Ruiz-Ávila I, Ramos-García P. Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2021; 27(4): 813–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13323
Fortuna G, Aria M, Schiavo JH. Drug-induced oral lichenoid reactions: a real clinical entity? A systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017; 73(12): 1523–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-017-2325-0
Dudhia BB, Dudhia SB, Patel PS, Jani Y V. Oral lichen planus to oral lichenoid lesions: Evolution or revolution. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2015; 19(3): 364–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-029X.174632
Madalli V, Basavaraddi SM. Lichen planus –a review. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2013; 12(1): 61–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1216169
Alrashdan MS, Cirillo N, McCullough M. Oral lichen planus: a literature review and update. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016; 308(8): 539–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-016-1667-2
Olson MA, Rogers RS, Bruce AJ. Oral lichen planus. Clin Dermatol. 2016; 34(4): 495–504. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.023
Yang H, Wu Y, Ma H, Jiang L, Zeng X, Dan H, Zhou Y, Chen Q. Possible alternative therapies for oral lichen planus cases refractory to steroid therapies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016; 121(5): 496–509. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2016.02.002
Ghahremanlo A, Boroumand N, Ghazvini K, Hashemy SI. Herbal medicine in oral lichen planus. Phytother Res. 2019; 33(2): 288–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6236
Kalaskar AR, Bhowate RR, Kalaskar RR, Walde SR, Ramteke RD, Banode PP. Efficacy of herbal interventions in oral lichen planus: A systematic review. Contemp Clin Dent. 2020; 11(4): 311–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_320_20
Sharma V, Katiyar A, Agrawal RC. Glycyrrhiza glabra: Chemistry and pharmacological activity. In: Mérillon JM, Ramawat K, editors. Sweeteners Reference series in phytochemistry. Springer, Cham; 2018. p. 87–100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27027-2_21
Thanya K, Lakshmi T. Ethnobotanical approach for oral lichen planus - a review. Int J Drug Dev Res. 2013; 5(4): 54–7. web: https://www.itmedicalteam.pl/articles/ethnobotanical-approach-for-oral-lichen-planus-a-review-101349.html
Pratibha, Shekhawat KS, Deepak TA, Srivastava C. Assessment of lycopene and levamisole in management of oral lichen planus - A comparative study. J Oral Med Oral Surgery, Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016; 2(1): 4–10. web: https://www.ipinnovative.com/journals/JOOO/article-full-text/1683
Vickers ER, Woodcock KL. Raspberry leaf herbal extract significantly reduces pain and inflammation in oral lichen planus patients – A case series analysis. Open J Dent Oral Med. 2015; 3(3): 73–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.13189/ojdom.2015.030303
Vagish Kumar LS. Propolis in dentistry and oral cancer management. N Am J Med Sci. 2014; 6(6): 250–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.134369
Zhang J, Zhou G. Green tea consumption: an alternative approach to managing oral lichen planus. Inflamm Res. 2012; 61(6): 535–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0440-z
Thongprasom K, Prapinjumrune C, Carrozzo M. Novel therapies for oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 2013; 42(10): 721–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12083
Salazar-Sánchez N, López-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Sánchez-Siles M. Efficacy of topical Aloe vera in patients with oral lichen planus: a randomized double-blind study. J Oral Pathol Med. 2010; 39(10): 735–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00947.x
Amirchaghmaghi M, Delavarian Z, Iranshahi M, Shakeri MT, Mosannen Mozafari P, Mohammadpour AH, Farazi F, Iranshahy M. A randomized placebo-controlled double blind clinical trial of Quercetin for treatment of oral lichen planus. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015; 9(1): 23–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2015.005
Amirchaghmaghi M, Pakfetrat A, Delavarian Z, Ghalavani H, Ghazi A. Evaluation of the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(5): ZC134-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/16338.7870
Kia SJ, Basirat M, Mortezaie T, Moosavi M-S. Comparison of oral Nano-Curcumin with oral prednisolone on oral lichen planus: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020; 20(1): 328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03128-7
Agha-Hosseini F, Borhan-Mojabi K, Monsef-Esfahani H-R, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Etemad-Moghadam S, Karagah A. Efficacy of purslane in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Phytother Res. 2010; 24(2): 240–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2919
Prasad Kushwaha R, Prasad Rauniar G, Rimal J. Clinical assessment of the effects of lycopene in the management of oral lichen planus. Kuga MC, editor. Int Dent Med J Adv Res - Vol 2015. 2019; 5(1): 1–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.idmjar.96
Dalal PK, Agarwal M. Postmenopausal syndrome. Indian J Psychiatry. 2015; 57(Suppl 2): S222-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.161483
Mohan RPS, Gupta A, Kamarthi N, Malik S, Goel S, Gupta S. Incidence of oral lichen planus in perimenopausal women: A cross-sectional study in Western Uttar Pradesh population. J Midlife Health. 2017; 8(2): 70–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_34_17
Bozdemir E, Yilmaz HH, Orhan H. Oral mucosal lesions and risk factors in elderly dental patients. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2019; 13(1): 24–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.004
Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral cancer development in lichen planus and related conditions-3.0 evidence level: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Oral Dis. 2021; 27(8): 1919–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13812
Panta P, Andhavarapu A, Sarode SC, Sarode G, Patil S. Reverse Koebnerization in a linear oral lichenoid lesion: A case report. Clin Pract. 2019; 9(2): 1144. doi: https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2019.1144
Nogueira PA, Carneiro S, Ramos-e-Silva M. Oral lichen planus: an update on its pathogenesis. Int J Dermatol. 2015; 54(9): 1005–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12918
Kia SJ, Shirazian S, Mansourian A, Khodadadi Fard L, Ashnagar S. Comparative efficacy of topical curcumin and triamcinolone for oral lichen planus: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Dent (Tehran). 2015; 12(11): 789–96. pubmed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27507989/
Reddy RL, Reddy RS, Ramesh T, Singh TR, Swapna LA, Laxmi NV. Randomized trial of aloe vera gel vs triamcinolone acetonide ointment in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Quintessence Int. 2012; 43(9): 793–800. pubmed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23041995/
Rajeswari R, Umadevi M, Rahale CS, Pushpa R, Selvavenkadesh S, Kumar KPS, Bhowmik D. Aloe vera: The miracle plant its medicinal and traditional uses in India. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2012; 1(4): 118–24. pdf: http://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue4/Issue_nov_2012/17.1.pdf
Thomas AE, Varma B, Kurup S, Jose R, Chandy ML, Kumar SP, Aravind MS, Ramadas AA. Evaluation of efficacy of 1% curcuminoids as local application in management of oral lichen planus - interventional study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017; 11(4): ZC89–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/20898.9715
Gupta S, Jawanda MK. Oral lichen planus: An update on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Indian J Dermatol. 2015; 60(3): 222–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.156315
Nisar T, Iqbal M, Raza A, Safdar M, Iftikhar F, Waheed M. Turmeric: A promising spice for phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. J Agric Environ Sci. 2015; 15(7): 1278–88. doi: https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.7.9528
Singh V, Pal M, Gupta S, Tiwari SK, Malkunje L, Das S. Turmeric - A new treatment option for lichen planus: A pilot study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2013; 4(2): 198–201. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-5950.127651
Chainani-Wu N, Madden E, Lozada-Nur F, Silverman S. High-dose curcuminoids are efficacious in the reduction in symptoms and signs of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 66(5): 752–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.022
Copyright (c) 2022 Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Every manuscript submitted to must observe the policy and terms set by the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi).
- Publication rights to manuscript content published by the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is owned by the journal with the consent and approval of the author(s) concerned.
- Full texts of electronically published manuscripts can be accessed free of charge and used according to the license shown below.
- The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
