Antimicrobial proteins of Snail mucus (Achatina fulica) against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Background: Achasin and mytimacin-AF are proteins of snail mucus (Achatina fulica) which have antimicrobial activity. Snail mucus is suspected to have other proteins which have antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans the oral pathologic bacteria. Purpose: The study were aimed to characterize the proteins of snail mucus (Achatina fulica) that have antimicrobial activities to Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and to compared the antimicrobial effect of achasin and mytimacin-AF. Methods: The sample of study was the mucus of snails which were taken from Yogyakarta Province. The isolation and characterization of protein were conducted by using SDS-PAGE method, electroelution, and dialysis. Nano drop test was conducted to determine protein concentration. The sensitivity test was conducted by using dilution test, and followed by spectrophotometry and paper disc diffusion tests. Results: The study showed that proteins successfully characterized from snail mucus (Achatina fulica) were proteins with molecular weights of 83.67 kDa (achasin), 50.81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11.45 kDa (full amino acid sequence of mytimacin-AF) and 9.7 kDa (mytimacin-AF). Based on the dilution test, Achasin had better antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, while mytimacin-AF had better antimicrobial activities against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. But the paper disc diffusion test result showed that Achasin had antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, while mytimacin-AF had no antimicrobial activities. Conclusion: The proteins with molecular weights of 50.81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11.45 kDa were considered as new antimicrobial proteins isolated from snail mucus. Achasin, had better antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, while mytimacin-AF had better antimicrobial activities against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Latar belakang: Achasin dan mytimacin-AF adalah protein lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Lendir bekicot diduga memiliki protein lain yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans bakteri patologis oral. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi protein lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Aggretibacter actinomycetemcomitans, dan membandingkan efek antimikroba protein achasin dan mytimacin-AF. Metode: Sampel penelitian adalah lendir bekicot yang diambil dari Provinsi Yogyakarta. Isolasi dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode SDS-PAGE, elektro-elusi, dan dialisis. Nano drop test dilakukan untuk menentukan konsentrasi protein. Uji sensitivitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji dilusi, dan diikuti oleh spektrofotometri dan tes difusi kertas cakram. Hasil: Protein dari lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) yang ditemukan adalah protein dengan berat molekul 83,67 kDa (achasin), 50,81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11,45 kDa (urutan asam amino penuh mytimacin-AF) dan 9,7 kDa (mytimacin- AF). Berdasarkan uji dilusi, Achasin memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Streptococcus mutans, sedangkan mytimacin-AF memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Namun hasil uji difusi cakram kertas menunjukkan bahwa Achasin memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Streptococcus mutans danAggegatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, sementara mytimacin-AF tidak memiliki kegiatan antimikroba. Simpulan: Protein dengan berat molekul 50,81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11,45 kDa merupakan protein antimikroba baru diisolasi dari lendir bekicot. Achasin, memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Streptococcus mutans, sedangkan mytimacin-AF memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.