Analysis of Smartphone Addiction With Anxiety in School-Aged Children
Downloads
Introduction: Increasing smartphone overuse among children is an addictive behavior that not only creates physical difficulties, but also affects their mental health in ways such as mood changes, withdrawal, emotional discomfort, fear and worry regarding certain social situation. The study aimed at determining the analysis correlation between smartphone addiction with anxiety in Pawyatan Daha elementary school, Kediri, East Java.
Methods: This study use a cross-sectional design. The sampling method was simple random sampling and 154 students from Pawyatan Daha elementary school, Kediri, East Java comprised the sample. Data collection was carried out in November to December 2022. In this study, the independent variable was smartphone addiction as measured by the smartphone addiction risk children questionnaire (SARCQ), and the dependent variable was anxiety as measured by the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS). Data analysis was using the spearman rho test with α=0.05.
Result: The study showed the majority 77.3% of respondents are addicted smartphone in the high category, anxiety majority 52.6% of respondents are general anxiety disorders category and statistical test result show a significant correlation with a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.005) and r = 0.330.
Conclusions: Smartphone addiction has a correlation with anxiety in school-aged children, parents must supervise their children's smartphone use in order to help them develop character and avoid addicted behavior and nurse can act as counselors by providing regular counseling service visits to elementary school to reduce smartphone addiction.
Alhazmi, A. A., Alzahrani, S. H., Baig, M., Salawati, E. M., & Alkatheri, A. (2018). Prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(4), 984–988. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.344.15294
Ali, A., & Bharat. (2021). Impact of Smartphone: A Review on Negative Effects on Students. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt, 18(4), 5710–5718.
Annoni, A. M., Petrocchi, S., Camerini, A. L., & Marciano, L. (2021). The relationship between social anxiety, smartphone use, dispositional trust and problematic smartphone use: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052452
Bijandi, M. S., & Nabavi, R. T. (2012). Bandura's Social Learning Theory & Social Cognitive Learning Theory Title: Bandura's Social Learning Theory & Social Cognitive Learning Theory. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267750204
Brodersen, K., Hammami, N., & Katapally, T. R. (2022). Smartphone Use and Mental Health among Youth: It Is Time to Develop Smartphone-Specific Screen Time Guidelines. Youth, 2(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.3390/youth2010003
Buctot, D. B., Kim, N., & Kim, J. J. (2020). Factors associated with smartphone addiction prevalence and its predictive capacity for health-related quality of life among Filipino adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104758
Cha, S. S., & Seo, B. K. (2018). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. Health Psychology Open, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918755046
Dore, R. A., Logan, J., Lin, T. J., Purtell, K. M., & Justice, L. M. (2020). Associations Between Children's Media Use and Language and Literacy Skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01734
Fu, X., Liu, J., Liu, R. De, Ding, Y., Wang, J., Zhen, R., & Jin, F. (2020). Parental monitoring and adolescent problematic mobile phone use: The mediating role of escape motivation and the moderating role of shyness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051487
Gangadharan, N., Borle, A. L., & Basu, S. (2022). Mobile Phone Addiction as an Emerging Behavioral Form of Addiction Among Adolescents in India. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.23798
Haripriya, S., Samuel, S. E., & Megha, M. (2019). Correlation between Smartphone Addiction, Sleep Quality and Physical Activity among Young Adults. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2019/42168.13212
Kim, S. G., Park, J., Kim, H. T., Pan, Z., Lee, Y., & McIntyre, R. S. (2019). The relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity in South Korean adolescents. Annals of General Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-019-0224-8
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. (2020). Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia KPAI. In Jakarta Pusat.
Lee, E. J., & Ogbolu, Y. (2018). Does Parental Control Work with Smartphone Addiction?: A Cross-Sectional Study of Children in South Korea. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 29(2), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000222
Nursalam, Iswanti, D. I., Agustiningsih, N., Rohmi, F., Permana, B., & Erwansyah, R. A. (2023). Factors contributing to online game addiction in adolescents: a systematic review. International Journal of Public Health Science, 12(4), 1763–1770. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i4.23260
Park, J. H., & Park, M. (2021). Smartphone use patterns and problematic smartphone use among preschool children. PLoS ONE, 16(3 March). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244276
Pratama, M. O., Harinitha, D., Indriani, S., Denov, B., & Mahayana, D. (2020). Influence Factors of Social Media and Gadget Addiction of Adolescent in Indonesia. Jurnal Sistem Informasi, 16(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.21609/jsi.v16i1.918
Rahman Prasetyo, A. (2020). Early Childhood Physical, Cognitive, Socio-Emotional Development. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.29313/ga:jpaud.v4i2.6049
Ravipati, K. S. (2020). Mobiles have changed the way we communicate The need of professional communication skills View project. 40–43. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347829200
Scheeringa, M. S., & Burns, L. C. (2018). Generalized anxiety disorder in very young children: First case reports on stability and developmental considerations. Case Reports in Psychiatry, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7093178
Shoukat, S. (2019). Cell phone addiction and psychological and physiological health in adolescents. In EXCLI Journal (Vol. 18, pp. 47–50). Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2018-2006
Sohn, S., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. In BMC Psychiatry (Vol. 19, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
Statista Research Department. (2023, May 2). Smartphpne users in Indonesia 2017-2028. Statista Statistics.
Troll, E. S., Friese, M., & Loschelder, D. D. (2021). How students' self-control and smartphone-use explain their academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106624
van Velthoven, M. H., Powell, J., & Powell, G. (2018). Problematic smartphone use: Digital approaches to an emerging public health problem. DIGITAL HEALTH, 4, 205520761875916. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207618759167
Wacks, Y., & Weinstein, A. M. (2021). Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. In Frontiers in Psychiatry (Vol. 12). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042
Wang, J. C., Hsieh, C. Y., & Kung, S. H. (2022). The impact of smartphone use on learning effectiveness: A case study of primary school students. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11430-9
Woo, K. S., Bong, S. H., Choi, T. Y., & Kim, J. W. (2021). Mental health, smartphone use type, and screen time among adolescents in south korea. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1419–1428. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S324235
Copyright (c) 2024 Firnanda Erindia, Ah Yusuf, RR Dian Tristiana, Umdatus Soleha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY).
