Main Article Content
Abstract
Highlights:
- ESBL frequency in women was higher than in men.
- Catheter use in patients with urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections has four times the risk of ESBL caused by Escherichia coli bacteria
- ESBL-producing E.coli bacteria are resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ceftriaxone.
Abstract:
The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria has become a global problem and has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of UTI in inpatients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. This research was an analytic descriptive study. Specimens were sent to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory using sterile containers and processed according to standard laboratory procedures. It resulted in ESBL-producing E. coli that were used as a case group and non ESBL-producing E. coli as a control group. The identification and testing of antibiotic susceptibility were carried out using the BD Phoenixâ„¢ Automated Microbiology System. Ninety-four bacterial isolates were collected, consisting of 54 (57.4%) ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria and 40 (42.6%) non ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria. Recurrent UTIs (OR = 4.31; Ï =0.002; 95% CI = 1.68-11.04) and catheter use (Ï = 0.049; OR = 4.250; 95% CI = 1.050-17.210) were used as independent risk factors caused by ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria. Recurrent UTIs and catheter use were dependent risk factors caused by ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria.
Keywords
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References
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- Al-Jamei SA, Albsoula AY, Bakri FG, Al-Bakri AG. (2018). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli in UTIs: A two-center, cross-sectional study of prevalence, genotypes and risk factors in Amman, Jordan. J Infect Public Health
- Al-Yousef SA,Younis S, Farrag E, et al (2016). Clinical and laboratory Profile of Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science;46(4).
- Andersen VD, Jensen VF, Vigre H, et al (2015). The of third and fourth-generation cephalosporins affects the occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporins-producing Escherichia coli in Danish pig herds. Vet.J. 204, 345-350.
- Behzadi P, Behzadi E, Yazdanbod H, et al (2010). A Survey on Urinary Tract Infections Associated with the Three Most Common Uropathogenic Bacteria, Medica 5(2), pp. 111–115.
- Ben-Ami R, Rodrıguez-Bano J, Arslan H, et al (2009). Carmeli, Y. 2009. A Multinational Survey of Risk Factors for Infection with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Nonhospitalized Patients. CID ; 49 : 682-690.
- Bourjilat F, Bouchrif B, Dersi N, et al (2011). Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary infections inCasablanca, Marocco. J Infect Dev Ctries; 5(12): 850-855.
- Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., McKenzei, C.R. 1987.A new method of classifying prognosticcomorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis;40(5):373–383.
- Chen Y, Liu Z,Zhang Y, Zhang, et al (2019). Increasing prevalence of ESBL-producing multidrug resistant resistant Escherichia coli from diseased pets in Beijing, China from 2012 to 2017. Frontiers in microbiology, 10, p.2852.
- Colodner R,Rock W,ChazanB, et al (2004). Risk factors Risk factors for the development of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria in non-hospitalized patients. Eur.J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.Dis; 23(3),163-167.
- Dahesihdewi, A, Dewi YP, Sugianli AK et al (2019). "Extended Spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) in Review Surveilans Bakteri Resistan Multi Obat dan Kepekaannya terhadap Antibiotik di Rumah Sakit Indonesia Tahun 2018,” Departement of Pathology clinic and Medicine Laboratorium of Faculty of Medicine, Publich Health and Nursing. Yogyakarta.
- Ejrní¦s K (2011). Bacterial Characteristics of Importance for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli Karen Dan Med Bull 2011;58(4); B4187
- Gupta K, Sahm DF, Mayfield D, et al (2011). Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens that cause community acquired urinary tract infections in women: a nationwide analysis, Clinical Infections Diseases, vol. 33, no.1, pp. 89-94,
- Hammerum AM, Larsen J, Andersen V D, et al (2014). Characterization of extended-spectrum beta lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli obtained from Danish pigs, pig farmers, and their families from farms with high with high or no consumption of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.69, 2650–2657.
- Jonas, D, Reuter, S, Klassen, S, et al (2021). Evaluation of the BD Phoenix CPO detects panel for prediction of Ambler class carbapenemases. Scientific Reports,11(1), pp.1-9.
- Kausar A, Akram M, Shoaib M, et al (2014). Isolation and identification of UTI causing agent and frequency of ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase) in Pakistan. Amer JPhytomed ClinTher, 2, pp.963-75.
- Kunin CM. 2001. Chemoprophylaxis and suppressive therapy in the management of urinary tract infections, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 33, no. 1,pp. 89-94.
- Logan LK, Weinstein RA (2017). The epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: the impact and evolution of a global menace. J. Infect. Dis. 215, S28–S36.
- Mahamat A, Lavigne JP, Bouziges N, et al (2006).Antimicrobial suspectibility of Proteus mirabilisurinary tract isolates from 1999 to 2005 at Nimes University Hospital. Pathol Biol (Paris); 54 (8-9); 456-61(PubMed:17030456)
- McLellan LK, Hunstad DA (2016). Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook, Trends in Molecular Medicine 22(11), pp. 946–957.
- Patel R,Polage CR, Dien Bard J, et al (2022).Envisioning Future Urinary Tract Infection Diagnostics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 74(7), pp.1284-1292.
- Pitout JD, Laupland KB (2008). Extended - spectrum beta -lactamase - producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern. Lancet. Infect. Dis. 8, 159–166.
- Pitout JDD, Nordmann P, Laupland KB, et al 2005. The emergence of Enterobacteriaceae produces extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in the community. J. Antimicrobe.Chemother;56(1), 52-59.
- Runcharoen C,Raven KE,Reuter S, et al (2017). Whole genome sequencing of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients, farm waste, and canals in Thailand. Genome. Med. 9:81.
- Sheerin NS (2011). Urinary tract infection. Medicine, 39(7), 384-389.
- Sheik GB, Sannat A, Al-Rowis B, et al. (2016). Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Beta - Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Tertiary Care Centre of Saudi Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5(2), pp. 98-109.
- Sugianli AK, Ginting F, Kusumawati RL, et al. (2020). Laboratory-based versus population-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to inform empirical treatment for suspected urinary tract infection in Indonesia. PLOS One 15(3): e0230489.
- Taneja N, Rao P, Arora J, et al.(2008). Occurrence of of ESBL & Amp-C beta-lactamases and susceptibility to newer antimicrobial agents in complicated UTI. Indiana J Med Res; 127(1): 85-8.
- Tonolini, M.(2018) Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections: An Overview on Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Microbiology and Treatment Options in "Imaging and Intervention in Urinary Tract Infections and Urosepsis,” Springer International Publishing.Cham.
- Uswanas AI, Setiabudi RJ, Djatisoesanto W. (2022). Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia coli from Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) at Intensive Care Unit.
- Versalovic J, Carroll KC,Funke G, et al (2011).Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 10th ed. American Society of Microbiology.
- Yang F, Zhang K, Zhi S, et al (2019). High prevalence and dissemination of beta-lactamase genes in swine farms in northern China.Sci. Total. Environ. 651, 2507–2513.
- Yilmaz E, Akalin H, Ozbey S, et al (2008). Risk factors in community- acquired/onset urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.J Chemother; 20:581-5.
References
Ashiboe-Mensah S, Dziva F, Akpaka PE, et al. (2016). Characterization of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from humans and chickens, Trinidad and Tobago. Advances in Infectious Diseases 6(4):145–156.
Al-Jamei SA, Albsoula AY, Bakri FG, Al-Bakri AG. (2018). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli in UTIs: A two-center, cross-sectional study of prevalence, genotypes and risk factors in Amman, Jordan. J Infect Public Health
Al-Yousef SA,Younis S, Farrag E, et al (2016). Clinical and laboratory Profile of Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science;46(4).
Andersen VD, Jensen VF, Vigre H, et al (2015). The of third and fourth-generation cephalosporins affects the occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporins-producing Escherichia coli in Danish pig herds. Vet.J. 204, 345-350.
Behzadi P, Behzadi E, Yazdanbod H, et al (2010). A Survey on Urinary Tract Infections Associated with the Three Most Common Uropathogenic Bacteria, Medica 5(2), pp. 111–115.
Ben-Ami R, Rodrıguez-Bano J, Arslan H, et al (2009). Carmeli, Y. 2009. A Multinational Survey of Risk Factors for Infection with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Nonhospitalized Patients. CID ; 49 : 682-690.
Bourjilat F, Bouchrif B, Dersi N, et al (2011). Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary infections inCasablanca, Marocco. J Infect Dev Ctries; 5(12): 850-855.
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., McKenzei, C.R. 1987.A new method of classifying prognosticcomorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis;40(5):373–383.
Chen Y, Liu Z,Zhang Y, Zhang, et al (2019). Increasing prevalence of ESBL-producing multidrug resistant resistant Escherichia coli from diseased pets in Beijing, China from 2012 to 2017. Frontiers in microbiology, 10, p.2852.
Colodner R,Rock W,ChazanB, et al (2004). Risk factors Risk factors for the development of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria in non-hospitalized patients. Eur.J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.Dis; 23(3),163-167.
Dahesihdewi, A, Dewi YP, Sugianli AK et al (2019). "Extended Spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) in Review Surveilans Bakteri Resistan Multi Obat dan Kepekaannya terhadap Antibiotik di Rumah Sakit Indonesia Tahun 2018,” Departement of Pathology clinic and Medicine Laboratorium of Faculty of Medicine, Publich Health and Nursing. Yogyakarta.
Ejrní¦s K (2011). Bacterial Characteristics of Importance for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli Karen Dan Med Bull 2011;58(4); B4187
Gupta K, Sahm DF, Mayfield D, et al (2011). Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens that cause community acquired urinary tract infections in women: a nationwide analysis, Clinical Infections Diseases, vol. 33, no.1, pp. 89-94,
Hammerum AM, Larsen J, Andersen V D, et al (2014). Characterization of extended-spectrum beta lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli obtained from Danish pigs, pig farmers, and their families from farms with high with high or no consumption of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.69, 2650–2657.
Jonas, D, Reuter, S, Klassen, S, et al (2021). Evaluation of the BD Phoenix CPO detects panel for prediction of Ambler class carbapenemases. Scientific Reports,11(1), pp.1-9.
Kausar A, Akram M, Shoaib M, et al (2014). Isolation and identification of UTI causing agent and frequency of ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase) in Pakistan. Amer JPhytomed ClinTher, 2, pp.963-75.
Kunin CM. 2001. Chemoprophylaxis and suppressive therapy in the management of urinary tract infections, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 33, no. 1,pp. 89-94.
Logan LK, Weinstein RA (2017). The epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: the impact and evolution of a global menace. J. Infect. Dis. 215, S28–S36.
Mahamat A, Lavigne JP, Bouziges N, et al (2006).Antimicrobial suspectibility of Proteus mirabilisurinary tract isolates from 1999 to 2005 at Nimes University Hospital. Pathol Biol (Paris); 54 (8-9); 456-61(PubMed:17030456)
McLellan LK, Hunstad DA (2016). Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook, Trends in Molecular Medicine 22(11), pp. 946–957.
Patel R,Polage CR, Dien Bard J, et al (2022).Envisioning Future Urinary Tract Infection Diagnostics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 74(7), pp.1284-1292.
Pitout JD, Laupland KB (2008). Extended - spectrum beta -lactamase - producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern. Lancet. Infect. Dis. 8, 159–166.
Pitout JDD, Nordmann P, Laupland KB, et al 2005. The emergence of Enterobacteriaceae produces extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in the community. J. Antimicrobe.Chemother;56(1), 52-59.
Runcharoen C,Raven KE,Reuter S, et al (2017). Whole genome sequencing of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients, farm waste, and canals in Thailand. Genome. Med. 9:81.
Sheerin NS (2011). Urinary tract infection. Medicine, 39(7), 384-389.
Sheik GB, Sannat A, Al-Rowis B, et al. (2016). Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Beta - Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Tertiary Care Centre of Saudi Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5(2), pp. 98-109.
Sugianli AK, Ginting F, Kusumawati RL, et al. (2020). Laboratory-based versus population-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to inform empirical treatment for suspected urinary tract infection in Indonesia. PLOS One 15(3): e0230489.
Taneja N, Rao P, Arora J, et al.(2008). Occurrence of of ESBL & Amp-C beta-lactamases and susceptibility to newer antimicrobial agents in complicated UTI. Indiana J Med Res; 127(1): 85-8.
Tonolini, M.(2018) Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections: An Overview on Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Microbiology and Treatment Options in "Imaging and Intervention in Urinary Tract Infections and Urosepsis,” Springer International Publishing.Cham.
Uswanas AI, Setiabudi RJ, Djatisoesanto W. (2022). Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia coli from Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) at Intensive Care Unit.
Versalovic J, Carroll KC,Funke G, et al (2011).Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 10th ed. American Society of Microbiology.
Yang F, Zhang K, Zhi S, et al (2019). High prevalence and dissemination of beta-lactamase genes in swine farms in northern China.Sci. Total. Environ. 651, 2507–2513.
Yilmaz E, Akalin H, Ozbey S, et al (2008). Risk factors in community- acquired/onset urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.J Chemother; 20:581-5.