Article Sidebar

Submitted
6 January 2021
Accepted
6 January 2021
Published
31 March 2019
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 910 Download : 560

Main Article Content

Abstract

Post anesthesia agitation is common problem in pediatric post anesthesia care unit. The incidences range from 10 to 80%. EA has been described as a dissociated state of consciousness in which the child is inconsolable, irritable, and uncooperative typically thrashing, crying, moaning or incoherent. This study was done to determine the incidence of emergence agitation and associated risk factors in pediatric patients who underwent general anesthesia. This descriptive and analytic study was performed on 105 pediatric patient aged 1-12 years that underwent general anesthesia for various elective diagnostic and surgeries at Dr. Soetomo Hospital between January and February 2016. The presence of emergence agitation was recorded using Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The factors that linked with Emergence Agitation were recorded in a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with logistic regression. p - values less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Forty two (40%) children had Emergence Agitation. Preoperative anxiety (p = 0.006) and Pain (p=0.035) were associated with higher rates of post anesthetic emergence agitation. This study identified preoperative anxiety and pain as risk factors, which are associated with emergence agitation in children. To minimize the incidence of post anesthetic emergence agitation, these risk factors should be considered in the routine care by anesthetist.

Keywords

General anesthesia pediatric emergence agitation

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2019 Folia Medica Indonesiana

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

  • Folia Medica Indonesiana is a scientific peer-reviewed article which freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research purposes. Folia Medica Indonesiana (p-ISSN: 2541-1012; e-ISSN: 2528-2018) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Manuscripts submitted to Folia Medica Indonesiana are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License. The terms of the license are:

    Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

    NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

    ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

    No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

    You  are free to :

    Share ” copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.

    Adapt ” remix, transform, and build upon the material.

How to Cite
Andriyanto, L., Utariani, A., Hanindito, E., Santoso, K. H. S. H., Hamzah, H., & Puspita, E. A. (2019). Incidence of Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patient after General Anesthesia. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 55(1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i1.24340
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abdelhalim A, Alarfaj A (2013). The effect of ketamine versus fentanyl on the incidence of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 7, 392
  2. Anghelescu DL, et al (2011). Prevention of emergence agitation in seven children receiving low-dose ketamine and propofol total intravenous anesthesia. AANA Journal 79, 238-242
  3. Cohen, I.T., Drewsen, S. & Hannallah, R.S., 2002. Propofol or midazolam do not reduce the incidence of emergence agitation associated with desflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Paediatric Anaesthesia 12, 604-609
  4. Jildenstål PK, et al (2014). Routines for reducing the occurrence of emergence agitation during awakening in children, a national survey. SpringerPlus 3, 572
  5. Kain ZN, et al (2004). Preoperative anxiety and emergence delirium and postoperative maladaptive behaviors. Anesthesia and Analgesia 99, 1648-1654
  6. Lee HW, Ph D (2015). Midazolam with placebo on prevention of emergence agitation in children having strabismus surgery. 1354-1361
  7. Maclaren JE, et al (2010). Prediction of preoperative anxiety in children: Who is most accurate? 108, 1777-1782
  8. Makkar JK, et al (2016). A comparison of single dose dexmedetomidine with propofol for the prevention of emergence delirium after desflurane anaesthesia in children. Anaesthesia 71, 50-57
  9. Mohkamkar M, et al (2014). Postanesthetic emergence agitation in pediatric patients under general anesthesia. Iranian journal of pediatrics 24, 184-90
  10. Nasr VG, Hannalah RS (2011). Emergence agitation in children a review. Mid. East J. Anaesthesiol 21, 175-82
  11. Rizk SN, Samir EM (2014). Use of ketofol to control emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia 30, 13-19
  12. Sikich N, Lerman J (2004). Development and psychometric evaluation of the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale. Anesthesiology 100, 1138-1145
  13. Singh R, et al (2012). Comparative evaluation of incidence of emergence agitation and post-operative recovery profile in paediatric patients after isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 56, 156-161
  14. Vlajkovic GP, Sindjelic RP (2007). Emergence delirium in children: Many questions, few answers. Anesthesia and Analgesia 104, 84-91
  15. Voepel-Lewis T, Malviya S, Tait AR (2003). A prospective cohort study of emergence agitation in the pediatric postanesthesia care unit. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 1625-1630
  16. Wong D, Bailey C (2015). Emergence delirium in children. Anaesthesia 70, 375-392