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Abstract
The presence of spermatozoa in vagina is a definite sign of sexual intercourse. However, sometimes microscopic examination does not find spermatozoa or reveals a false negative result. This is influenced by many factors, including the absence of ejaculate in the vaginal canal. In addition, there are other factors such as oligo/azoospermia, vasectomy, degeneration of sperm due to time, incorrect sampling, and improper storage. Therefore, examination of the other components of the ejaculate, ie. the enzyme acid phosphatase, choline and spermin, is important. Compared with spermatozoa, the enzyme phosphatase, choline and spermin have lower evidentiary value because these three components are less specific. However, the level of phosphatase enzyme found in the vagina is much lower than phosphatase enzyme that comes from prostate gland. In this study, as many as 192 samples in the form of patches with sperm/semen stains were tested with acid phosphatase test and zinc test through direct and indirect examination. In the first method, washing was carried out on day 1, day 7, and month 3, and testing was carried out after each washing. In the second method, washing was carried out simultaneously and testing was carried out on day 1, day 7 and month 3. Washing was carried out using 7 types of detergent for each 4 patch samples, and washing using water as control. The results showed very low sensitivity (0.186) and very high specificity (100%). This showed that both tests had high specificity values. Acid phosphatase test specifically showed the presence of the enzyme phosphatase, while zinc test specifically showed the presence of zinc in semen. This phosphohydrolase-phosphatase enzyme is easily degraded due to external factors, including temperature, humidity, and chemicals, ie. the element SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) that has the ability to cut enzymes. The weakness of the acid phosphatase test is that this enzyme is easily degraded, either partially or completely, due to external factors, such as temperature, humidity, heat, and the presence of chemicals.
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References
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- Mauren Schaefer, Sue Black, Louise Schener, 2009, Juvenile Osteology : A Laboratory and Field manual, Elsevier
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- Susilawati T.2011. Spermatology. Universitas Brawijaya Press. Page 3-36
- Suzuki O, A.Kido, M.Oya, 1983, Zinc test as a new tools for identification for human seminal stains. Forensic Science International. Vol.2 Issue 2-3, Augustus-September 1983, page 231-235
- Terrence F Kiely, 2013, Forensic Evidence, CRC Press
- Yudianto A.2005. Dampak pencucian bercak darah dengan deterjent pada tes darah samara sebagai screening test. Tugas akhir PPDS Ilmu kedokteran forensic & Medikolegal FK Unair
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References
Atmaja DS.et al.1990. Tes zink (PAN) dan tes asam fosfatase untuk identifikasi bercak sperma manusia. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia vol 40, April 1990, hal 198-203.
Eckert WG.1980. Introduction to Forensic Sciences, The CV Mosby Co.St.Louis
Gefrides L.Welch K.2011. Forensic Biology : Serology and DNA in A.Mozayani, C Nozigilia (Eds). The Forensic Laboratory Handbook Procedures and Practice. Humana Press. Page 15-50
Greenfiekd Andrew and monica M Sloan. 2000. Identification of biological Fluids and stains. In : James SH.Nordby JJ. Editors. Forensic Science An Introduction to scientific and investigative Techniques. Boca Raton : CRC Press LLC: page 203-220
Hafes ESE. 1976. Human semen and fertility regulation in men.The CV Mosby Co Saint Louis.pp.596-600
Hooft et al.1990. The zinc test as an alternative for acid phospahatse spot test in the primary identification of seminal traces. Forensic Sciene International, vol 47. pp 269-275
Mauren Schaefer, Sue Black, Louise Schener, 2009, Juvenile Osteology : A Laboratory and Field manual, Elsevier
Murti B. 1997. Prinsip dan Metode Riset Epidemiologi. UGM Press.hal 63-66
Sham D Black.2006. Properties of deterjent (Amphiles). Univeritas of texas health center at tyler. www.syche.uthct.edu/shaun/s.black/deterjent.html. Diakses tanggal 16 desember 2006
Susilawati T.2011. Spermatology. Universitas Brawijaya Press. Page 3-36
Suzuki O, A.Kido, M.Oya, 1983, Zinc test as a new tools for identification for human seminal stains. Forensic Science International. Vol.2 Issue 2-3, Augustus-September 1983, page 231-235
Terrence F Kiely, 2013, Forensic Evidence, CRC Press
Yudianto A.2005. Dampak pencucian bercak darah dengan deterjent pada tes darah samara sebagai screening test. Tugas akhir PPDS Ilmu kedokteran forensic & Medikolegal FK Unair
Yudianto A, 2013. Panduan Praktis Serologi Forensik. Penerbit Global Persada Press. Page 83-100
Yudianto A,2020, Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik. Scopindo Media Pustaka.page 139-145