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- Adiponectin is an important protective factor for cardiovascular disease and increased insulin sensitivity.
- Ketogenic diet effect on adiponectin level in mice besides decrease weight gain was determined.
- The difference in serum adiponectin level and body weight is uncorrelated.
Ketogenic diet is a popular diet to reduce weight gain quickly. This diet has become a lifestyle . The ketogenic diet has been reported to affect adiponectin level, although it is still contraindicated. Adiponectin is a biomarker for metabolic disease that plays an important role as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease and increase insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to explore the effect of the ketogenic diet on adiponectin level in mice, besides decrease weight gain. This study was an experimental laboratory study with a randomized post-test-only control group design. Fourteen male mice (20-30 g) aged 2-3 months were divided randomly into K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, ketogenic diet), were given diet for eight weeks, ad libitum. Body weight was measured at the pre and post-intervention, whereas adiponectin level were measured at the post-intervention using ELISA. The statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to determine normality, Independent T-Test was used to determine mean difference for normal distribution, Mann Whitney Test was used to determine mean difference for abnormal distribution, and Pearson Correlation was used to determine correlation. Difference (∆) of body weight on K1 (12.00±6.26) g, K2 (1.29±7.41) g with p=0.02. Serum adiponectin level of K1 (0.082±0.014) µg/ml and K2 (0.096±0.008) µg/ml with p=0.035. This study showed ketogenic diet-induced higher serum adiponectin level and slower weight gain. There is no correlation between the difference in body weight and serum adiponectin level (p=0.403).
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References
- Asrih M, Altirriba J, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F et al (2015). Ketogenic diet impairs FGF21 signaling and promotes differential inflammatory responses in the liver and white adipose tissue. PLoS One 10, 1–17.
- Balsan G, Vieira Jl, de Oliveira A et al (2015). Relationship between adiponectin, obesity and insulin resistance. Rev Assoc Medc Bras 61, 72–80.
- Castellana M, Conte E, Cignarelli A, et al (2020). Efficacy and safety of very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 21, 5–16.
- Ding J, Xu X, Wu X, et al (2019). Bone loss and biomechanical reduction of appendicular and axial bones under ketogenic diet in rats. Exp. Ther. Med. 17, 2503–2510.
- Fang H, Judd R (2018). diponectin regulation and function. Compr Physiol 8, 1031–1063.
- Fatimah F, Husniawati N (2019). Studi analisis gaya hidup ketofastosis terhadap risiko penyakit tidak menular. J. Ilm. Kesehat. 11, 20–26.
- Gershuni V, Yan S, Medici V (2018). Nutritional ketosis for weight management and reversal of metabolic syndrome. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 7, 97–106.
- Hall K (2019). Mystery or method? Evaluating claims of increased energy expenditure during a ketogenic diet. PLoS One 14, 7–10.
- Kirkpatrick C, Bolick J, Kris-Etherton P, et al (2019). Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: A scientific statement from the Nati. J. Clin. Lipidol. 13, 689–711.
- Li R, Liu Y, Liu H-Q, et al (2020). Ketogenic diets and protective mechanisms in epilepsy, metabolic disorders, cancer, neuronal loss, and muscle and nerve degeneration. J. Food Biochem. 44, 1–14.
- Monda V, Polito R, Lovino A, et al (2020). Short-term physiological effects of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet: Effects on adiponectin levels and inflammatory states. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 1–12.
- Paoli A (2014). Ketogenic diet for obesity: Friend or foe? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, 2092–2107.
- Partsalaki I, Karvela A, Spiliotis B (2012). Metabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescents. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 25, 697–704.
- Plaisance E, Lukasova M, Offermanns S, et al (2009). Niacin stimulates adiponectin secretion through the GPR109A receptor. Am. J. Physiol. - Endocrinol. Metab. 296, 549–558.
- Sena C, Pereira A, Fernandes R, et al (2017). Adiponectin improves endothelial function in mesenteric arteries of rats fed a high-fat diet: role of perivascular adipose tissue. Br. J. Pharmacol. 174, 3514–3526.
- Sherrier M, Li H (2019). The impact of keto-adaptation on exercise performance and the role of metabolic-regulating cytokines. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 110, 562–573.
- Syahraya I, Novida H, Herawati L, et al (2020). Effect of high fat diet on weight loss through the expression of uncouple protein 1 in mice visceral fat. Folia Medica Indones. 56, 223–228.
- Utami D, Herawati L, I'tishom R, et al (2021). Ketogenic diet slows down weight gain in juvenile mus musculus with benzopyrene as cancer inducer. Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol. 15, 2268–2274.
- Veyrat-Durebex C, Reynier P, Procaccio V, et al (2018). How can a ketogenic diet improve motor function? Front. Mol. Neurosci. 11, 1–12.
- von Frankenberg A, Reis A, Gerchman F (2017). Relationships between adiponectin levels, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: A literature review. Arch Endocrinol Metab 61, 614–622.
- Walczyk T, Wick J (2017). The ketogenic diet: Making a comeback. Consult. Pharm. 32, 388–396.
- Widiatmaja D, Prabowo G, Rejeki P (2021). A long-term ketogenic diet decreases serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in mice. J. Hunan Univ. Nat. Sci. 43, 1–7.
References
Asrih M, Altirriba J, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F et al (2015). Ketogenic diet impairs FGF21 signaling and promotes differential inflammatory responses in the liver and white adipose tissue. PLoS One 10, 1–17.
Balsan G, Vieira Jl, de Oliveira A et al (2015). Relationship between adiponectin, obesity and insulin resistance. Rev Assoc Medc Bras 61, 72–80.
Castellana M, Conte E, Cignarelli A, et al (2020). Efficacy and safety of very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 21, 5–16.
Ding J, Xu X, Wu X, et al (2019). Bone loss and biomechanical reduction of appendicular and axial bones under ketogenic diet in rats. Exp. Ther. Med. 17, 2503–2510.
Fang H, Judd R (2018). diponectin regulation and function. Compr Physiol 8, 1031–1063.
Fatimah F, Husniawati N (2019). Studi analisis gaya hidup ketofastosis terhadap risiko penyakit tidak menular. J. Ilm. Kesehat. 11, 20–26.
Gershuni V, Yan S, Medici V (2018). Nutritional ketosis for weight management and reversal of metabolic syndrome. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 7, 97–106.
Hall K (2019). Mystery or method? Evaluating claims of increased energy expenditure during a ketogenic diet. PLoS One 14, 7–10.
Kirkpatrick C, Bolick J, Kris-Etherton P, et al (2019). Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: A scientific statement from the Nati. J. Clin. Lipidol. 13, 689–711.
Li R, Liu Y, Liu H-Q, et al (2020). Ketogenic diets and protective mechanisms in epilepsy, metabolic disorders, cancer, neuronal loss, and muscle and nerve degeneration. J. Food Biochem. 44, 1–14.
Monda V, Polito R, Lovino A, et al (2020). Short-term physiological effects of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet: Effects on adiponectin levels and inflammatory states. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 1–12.
Paoli A (2014). Ketogenic diet for obesity: Friend or foe? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, 2092–2107.
Partsalaki I, Karvela A, Spiliotis B (2012). Metabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescents. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 25, 697–704.
Plaisance E, Lukasova M, Offermanns S, et al (2009). Niacin stimulates adiponectin secretion through the GPR109A receptor. Am. J. Physiol. - Endocrinol. Metab. 296, 549–558.
Sena C, Pereira A, Fernandes R, et al (2017). Adiponectin improves endothelial function in mesenteric arteries of rats fed a high-fat diet: role of perivascular adipose tissue. Br. J. Pharmacol. 174, 3514–3526.
Sherrier M, Li H (2019). The impact of keto-adaptation on exercise performance and the role of metabolic-regulating cytokines. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 110, 562–573.
Syahraya I, Novida H, Herawati L, et al (2020). Effect of high fat diet on weight loss through the expression of uncouple protein 1 in mice visceral fat. Folia Medica Indones. 56, 223–228.
Utami D, Herawati L, I'tishom R, et al (2021). Ketogenic diet slows down weight gain in juvenile mus musculus with benzopyrene as cancer inducer. Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol. 15, 2268–2274.
Veyrat-Durebex C, Reynier P, Procaccio V, et al (2018). How can a ketogenic diet improve motor function? Front. Mol. Neurosci. 11, 1–12.
von Frankenberg A, Reis A, Gerchman F (2017). Relationships between adiponectin levels, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: A literature review. Arch Endocrinol Metab 61, 614–622.
Walczyk T, Wick J (2017). The ketogenic diet: Making a comeback. Consult. Pharm. 32, 388–396.
Widiatmaja D, Prabowo G, Rejeki P (2021). A long-term ketogenic diet decreases serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in mice. J. Hunan Univ. Nat. Sci. 43, 1–7.