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Abstract
- Uptake of hepatitis B birth dose vaccine within 24 hours of birth is low in Katsina, north-western Nigeria.
- The most common reason for delay presentation for hepatitis B birth dose vaccine is maternal illness.
Abstract:
No studies focused on the hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccine since Nigeria adopted the strategy to reduce hepatitis B viral infection. Hence, we determined the uptake of HepB-BD, factors associated with timeliness, and those that contributed to delay. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at an immunization post in north-western Nigeria. We recruited 400 mother-infant pairs that presented for the first immunization and obtained relevant information, including socio-demographics and reasons for the delays. Of the 400 infants, 44 (11.0%) received HepB-BD within 24 hours (timeliness), 105 (26.3%) and 274 (68.5%) by day 7 and 14, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that mothers' education (primary adjusted odds (AOR) 17, 95% CI 1.404, 204.611), secondary AOR 5.9, 95% CI 1.148, 29.895), and tertiary AOR 7.7, 95% CI 1.228, 48.545), and third born AOR 8.2, 1.625, 41.018) were associated with HepB-BD timeliness. Maternal-related factors were the commonest (129; 46.6%) for delayed HepB-BD, with maternal illness the most commonly cited reason (37; 28.7%). This study showed a deficient level of uptake of HepB-BD vaccines among infants. Factors that were associated with timeliness included maternal education and higher birth order. The commonest reason for delayed HepB-BD was maternal illness.
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References
- Alter MJ (2003). Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide. J Hepatol 39:64–69.
- Ashir G, Rabasa A, Gofama M, et al (2010). Study of hepatic functions and prevalence of Hepatitis B surface Antigenaemia in Nigerian children with human immunodefiency virus infection. Niger J Med 18:260–262.
- Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Wonodi C, Mantey D, et al (2018). Prevalence and correlates of never vaccinated Nigerian children, aged 1–5 years. Vaccine 36:6953–6960.
- David DS, Ishaya IA, Nathan YS, et al (2020). At‑birth vaccination timeliness: An analysis of inborns in the Highlands of Jos, North‑Central Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med Coll 27:209–214.
- Hou J, Liu Z, Gu F (2005). Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Med Sci 2:50–57
- Ibraheem R, Abdulkadir M, Akintola M, et al (2019). Determinants of Timely Presentation for Birth Dose Vaccination at an Immunization Centre in North-central Nigeria. Ann Glob Heal 85:20.
- Jibrin B, Jiya N, Ahmed H (2014). Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen in children with sickle cell anemia. Sahel Med J 17:15.
- Kasiulevičius V, Šapoka V, Filipavičiūtė R (2006). Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies. Gerontologija 7:225–231
- Lawal MA, Adeniyi OF, Akintan PE, et al (2020). Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos, Nigeria. PLoS One 15:e0243656.
- Miyahara R, Jasseh M, Gomez P, et al (2016). Barriers to timely administration of birth dose vaccines in The Gambia , West Africa. Vaccine 34:3335–3341.
- Moturi E, Tevi-benissan C, Hagan JE, et al (2018). Implementing a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine in Africa: Findings from assessments in 5 countries. J Immunol Sci S:31–40
- Nasidi A, Olayinka AT, Gidado S, et al (2016). Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95:902–907.
- National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2018) 2017 multiple indicator cluster survey 2016-17, Survey Findings Report. Abuja, Nigeria
- Ndako JA, Nwankiti OO, Echeonwu GON, et al (2011). Studies on prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B surface antigen among secondary school students in North-central, Nigeria. Sierra Leone J Biomed Res 3:163–168
- Anh HNS, Vo H-L, Hoang Bao L, et al (2019). Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination among vietnamese children: Implications for the expanded program on immunization. Biomed Res Int 2019:1–8.
- Oyedeji GA (1985). Socio-economic and cultural background of hospitalised children in Ilesha. Niger J paed 12:111–117.
- Álvarez RAM, Pérez-Vilar S, Pacis-Tirso C, et al (2017). Progress in vaccination towards hepatitis B control and elimination in the Region of the Americas. BMC Public Health 17:325.
- Sadoh A, Sadoh W (2014). Does Nigeria need the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine? Niger J Paediatr 41:104.
- Sadoh AE, Eregie CO (2009). Timeliness and completion rate of immunization among nigerian children attending a clinic-based immunization service. J Heal Popul Nutr 27:391–395.
- Sadoh AE, Sadoh WE, Uduebor J, et al (2013). Factors contributing to delay in commencement of Immunisation in Nigerian infants. Tanzan J Health Res 15:1–8.
- Stevens CE, Neurath RA, Beasley RP, Szmuness W (1979). HBeAg and anti-hbe detection by radioimmunoassay: Correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan. J Med Virol 3:237–241.
- Trépo C, Chan HLY, Lok A (2014). Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet 384:2053–2063.
- Wiesen E, Diorditsa S, Li X (2016). Progress towards hepatitis B prevention through vaccination in the Western Pacific, 1990–2014. Vaccine 34:2855–2862.
- World Health Organisation (2017). Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2017 Introduction. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 92:369–392
- World Health Organization (2020a) Public Health significance, targets, strategies. Available from https://whohbsagdashboard.surge.sh/#public-health-strategies. Accessed May 24, 2021
- World Health Organization (2007). Global hepatitis report 2017. Geneva
- World Health Organization (2020b). Hepatitis B-Key fact sheets. Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b. Accessed May 24, 2021
- World Health Organization (2016a). Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021. Geneva
- World Health Organization (2016b). Global compliance with Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose and factors related to timely schedule. A review. Geneva
References
Alter MJ (2003). Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide. J Hepatol 39:64–69.
Ashir G, Rabasa A, Gofama M, et al (2010). Study of hepatic functions and prevalence of Hepatitis B surface Antigenaemia in Nigerian children with human immunodefiency virus infection. Niger J Med 18:260–262.
Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Wonodi C, Mantey D, et al (2018). Prevalence and correlates of never vaccinated Nigerian children, aged 1–5 years. Vaccine 36:6953–6960.
David DS, Ishaya IA, Nathan YS, et al (2020). At‑birth vaccination timeliness: An analysis of inborns in the Highlands of Jos, North‑Central Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med Coll 27:209–214.
Hou J, Liu Z, Gu F (2005). Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Med Sci 2:50–57
Ibraheem R, Abdulkadir M, Akintola M, et al (2019). Determinants of Timely Presentation for Birth Dose Vaccination at an Immunization Centre in North-central Nigeria. Ann Glob Heal 85:20.
Jibrin B, Jiya N, Ahmed H (2014). Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen in children with sickle cell anemia. Sahel Med J 17:15.
Kasiulevičius V, Šapoka V, Filipavičiūtė R (2006). Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies. Gerontologija 7:225–231
Lawal MA, Adeniyi OF, Akintan PE, et al (2020). Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos, Nigeria. PLoS One 15:e0243656.
Miyahara R, Jasseh M, Gomez P, et al (2016). Barriers to timely administration of birth dose vaccines in The Gambia , West Africa. Vaccine 34:3335–3341.
Moturi E, Tevi-benissan C, Hagan JE, et al (2018). Implementing a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine in Africa: Findings from assessments in 5 countries. J Immunol Sci S:31–40
Nasidi A, Olayinka AT, Gidado S, et al (2016). Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95:902–907.
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2018) 2017 multiple indicator cluster survey 2016-17, Survey Findings Report. Abuja, Nigeria
Ndako JA, Nwankiti OO, Echeonwu GON, et al (2011). Studies on prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B surface antigen among secondary school students in North-central, Nigeria. Sierra Leone J Biomed Res 3:163–168
Anh HNS, Vo H-L, Hoang Bao L, et al (2019). Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination among vietnamese children: Implications for the expanded program on immunization. Biomed Res Int 2019:1–8.
Oyedeji GA (1985). Socio-economic and cultural background of hospitalised children in Ilesha. Niger J paed 12:111–117.
Álvarez RAM, Pérez-Vilar S, Pacis-Tirso C, et al (2017). Progress in vaccination towards hepatitis B control and elimination in the Region of the Americas. BMC Public Health 17:325.
Sadoh A, Sadoh W (2014). Does Nigeria need the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine? Niger J Paediatr 41:104.
Sadoh AE, Eregie CO (2009). Timeliness and completion rate of immunization among nigerian children attending a clinic-based immunization service. J Heal Popul Nutr 27:391–395.
Sadoh AE, Sadoh WE, Uduebor J, et al (2013). Factors contributing to delay in commencement of Immunisation in Nigerian infants. Tanzan J Health Res 15:1–8.
Stevens CE, Neurath RA, Beasley RP, Szmuness W (1979). HBeAg and anti-hbe detection by radioimmunoassay: Correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan. J Med Virol 3:237–241.
Trépo C, Chan HLY, Lok A (2014). Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet 384:2053–2063.
Wiesen E, Diorditsa S, Li X (2016). Progress towards hepatitis B prevention through vaccination in the Western Pacific, 1990–2014. Vaccine 34:2855–2862.
World Health Organisation (2017). Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2017 Introduction. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 92:369–392
World Health Organization (2020a) Public Health significance, targets, strategies. Available from https://whohbsagdashboard.surge.sh/#public-health-strategies. Accessed May 24, 2021
World Health Organization (2007). Global hepatitis report 2017. Geneva
World Health Organization (2020b). Hepatitis B-Key fact sheets. Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b. Accessed May 24, 2021
World Health Organization (2016a). Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021. Geneva
World Health Organization (2016b). Global compliance with Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose and factors related to timely schedule. A review. Geneva