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Abstract
Highlights:
- Antioxidant flavonoid compounds can be found in binahong leaf extract.
- Binahong leaf extract is as effective as allupurinol in reducing uric acid levels.
Abstract:
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) is empirically used to treat burns, rheumatism, gout, typhoid, and stroke. Binahong leaves contain flavonoids that have an antioxidant effect. This study aimed to identify and test binahong leaf flavonoid compounds’ antioxidant properties in reducing uric acid levels. This study began by producing binahong leaf extract and then identifying the flavonoid content with a phytochemical test. The results indicated that the binahong leaf extract contained antioxidant flavonoid compounds. The data were followed by testing flavonoid activity in lowering uric acid levels. This study used male white Wistar rats, of which the uric acid was induced by chicken liver juice. The animals used in the test were 25 rats divided into five groups (i.e., negative control group, positive control group, and treatment groups with dose I, dose II, and dose III). In each group, there were five male white rats. This study was a laboratory experiment using a pre-test post-test design with control groups (pre-test post-test control group design), where the grouping was done based on a randomized group design. By using statistical tests, the results obtained showed that there was a significant decrease of uric acid levels in the positive control group and the treatment group. In conclusion, binahong leaf ethanolic extract can reduce blood uric acid levels induced by chicken liver juice in male white Wistar rats.
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References
- Ablat A, Mohamad J (2018). The antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of plumeria rubra flowers. Molecules 23, 400. doi: 10.3390/molecules23020400.
- Asari H, Sugiyanta S (2021). Influence of administering watermelon rind water extract (Citrullus vulgaris Schard) on glucose level of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with streptozotosin. Folia Medica Indonesiana 56, 174. doi: 10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24528.
- Astini DAAAS, Gunawan HA, Santoso RMWA, et al (2017). The effect of soursop leaf extract on pancreatic beta cell count and fasting blood glucose in male Wistar rats exposed to a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Folia Medica Indonesiana 53, 12. doi: 10.20473/fmi.v53i1.5484.
- Astuti SD, Tirtana RD, Mahmud AF, et al. (2020). Ultraviolet (UV) activation effect on antibacterial agents of red betel (Piper crocatum) extract to Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1445, 012004. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1445/1/012004.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Gout. CDC.
- Dadiono MS, Andayani S (2022). Potensi tanaman binahong (Anredera cordifolia) sebagai obat alternatif pada bidang akuakultur. Jurnal Perikanan Pantura 5, 156. doi: 10.30587/jpp.v5i1.3769.
- Darmawan E, Hidayati N (2020). The effect of celery and phyllantus nirury combination on uric acid level in hyperuricemic rats (thesis). Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
- Engel B, Just J, Bleckwenn M, et al (2017). Treatment options for gout. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0215.
- George C, Minter DA (2022). Hyperuricemia.
- Hamdan M, AS N, Rahayu M, et al (2019). Influence of Ginkgo Biloba (Egb) extracts in apoptosis index and number of neurons at Rattus Novergicus with lead (Pb) exposure. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12, 5883. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.01020.5.
- Kanbay M, Jensen T, Solak Y, et al (2016). Uric acid in metabolic syndrome: From an innocent bystander to a central player. European Journal of Internal Medicine 29, 3–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.026.
- Ladeska V, Pahriyani A, Gunawijaya MS (2018). The potency of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) subfraction with ethanol 70% as an antihyperuricemic agent. In Proceedings of the 1st Muhammadiyah International Conference on Health and Pharmaceutical Development, pp. 143–6. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. doi: 10.5220/0008240801430146.
- Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, et al. (2016). Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion. International Journal of Cardiology 213, 8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109.
- Manampiring AE (2010). Prevalensi hiperurisemia pada remaja obese di Kota Tomohon. Laporan penelitian IPTEK dan seni. Manado. https://ojs.iik.ac.id/index.php/wiyata/article/view/233
- Prabawa AAGW (2019). Hubungan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul dengan kadar asam urat pada wanita menopause di GKJ Gondokusuman Yogyakarta (thesis). Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana.
- Qurie A, Preuss C V., Musa R (2022). Allopurinol.
- Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T (2017). Gout: An old disease in new perspective – A review. Journal of Advanced Research 8, 495–511. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008.
- Rohani S (2021). Isolation and characterization of wound healing compounds from chloroform extract of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). Magna Medica Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 8, 40. doi: 10.26714/magnamed.8.1.2021.40-59.
- Sakti DS, Haresmita PP, Yuniarti N, et al (2019). Phagocytosis activity of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore.) Steenis) from Secang, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community 16, 7–13. doi: 10.24071/jpsc.001693.
- Serrano JL, Figueiredo J, Almeida P, et al (2020). From xanthine oxidase inhibition to in vivo hypouricemic effect: An integrated overview of in vitro and in vivo studies with focus on natural molecules and analogues. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020, 1–17. doi: 10.1155/2020/9531725.
- Seth R, Kydd AS, Buchbinder R, et al. (2014). Allopurinol for chronic gout. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd006077.pub3.
References
Ablat A, Mohamad J (2018). The antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of plumeria rubra flowers. Molecules 23, 400. doi: 10.3390/molecules23020400.
Asari H, Sugiyanta S (2021). Influence of administering watermelon rind water extract (Citrullus vulgaris Schard) on glucose level of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with streptozotosin. Folia Medica Indonesiana 56, 174. doi: 10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24528.
Astini DAAAS, Gunawan HA, Santoso RMWA, et al (2017). The effect of soursop leaf extract on pancreatic beta cell count and fasting blood glucose in male Wistar rats exposed to a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Folia Medica Indonesiana 53, 12. doi: 10.20473/fmi.v53i1.5484.
Astuti SD, Tirtana RD, Mahmud AF, et al. (2020). Ultraviolet (UV) activation effect on antibacterial agents of red betel (Piper crocatum) extract to Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1445, 012004. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1445/1/012004.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Gout. CDC.
Dadiono MS, Andayani S (2022). Potensi tanaman binahong (Anredera cordifolia) sebagai obat alternatif pada bidang akuakultur. Jurnal Perikanan Pantura 5, 156. doi: 10.30587/jpp.v5i1.3769.
Darmawan E, Hidayati N (2020). The effect of celery and phyllantus nirury combination on uric acid level in hyperuricemic rats (thesis). Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
Engel B, Just J, Bleckwenn M, et al (2017). Treatment options for gout. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0215.
George C, Minter DA (2022). Hyperuricemia.
Hamdan M, AS N, Rahayu M, et al (2019). Influence of Ginkgo Biloba (Egb) extracts in apoptosis index and number of neurons at Rattus Novergicus with lead (Pb) exposure. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12, 5883. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.01020.5.
Kanbay M, Jensen T, Solak Y, et al (2016). Uric acid in metabolic syndrome: From an innocent bystander to a central player. European Journal of Internal Medicine 29, 3–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.026.
Ladeska V, Pahriyani A, Gunawijaya MS (2018). The potency of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) subfraction with ethanol 70% as an antihyperuricemic agent. In Proceedings of the 1st Muhammadiyah International Conference on Health and Pharmaceutical Development, pp. 143–6. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. doi: 10.5220/0008240801430146.
Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, et al. (2016). Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion. International Journal of Cardiology 213, 8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109.
Manampiring AE (2010). Prevalensi hiperurisemia pada remaja obese di Kota Tomohon. Laporan penelitian IPTEK dan seni. Manado. https://ojs.iik.ac.id/index.php/wiyata/article/view/233
Prabawa AAGW (2019). Hubungan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul dengan kadar asam urat pada wanita menopause di GKJ Gondokusuman Yogyakarta (thesis). Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana.
Qurie A, Preuss C V., Musa R (2022). Allopurinol.
Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T (2017). Gout: An old disease in new perspective – A review. Journal of Advanced Research 8, 495–511. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008.
Rohani S (2021). Isolation and characterization of wound healing compounds from chloroform extract of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). Magna Medica Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 8, 40. doi: 10.26714/magnamed.8.1.2021.40-59.
Sakti DS, Haresmita PP, Yuniarti N, et al (2019). Phagocytosis activity of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore.) Steenis) from Secang, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community 16, 7–13. doi: 10.24071/jpsc.001693.
Serrano JL, Figueiredo J, Almeida P, et al (2020). From xanthine oxidase inhibition to in vivo hypouricemic effect: An integrated overview of in vitro and in vivo studies with focus on natural molecules and analogues. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020, 1–17. doi: 10.1155/2020/9531725.
Seth R, Kydd AS, Buchbinder R, et al. (2014). Allopurinol for chronic gout. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd006077.pub3.