The Relationship Between Varicocele in Infertile Male and Intrauterine Insemination Success at Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Puri Bunda Denpasar
Downloads
Background: Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), such as intrauterine insemination (IUI), can be an option for infertile couples who are expecting a pregnancy. However, the success of IUI can be influenced by various factors, one of which is varicocele.
Objective: This study aims to determine the association between varicocele and IUI success.
Methods: This study is an analytical cross-sectional study using patient medical records. The sample of this study was male patients aged 25-45 years with infertility and undergoing IUI in the period April to June 2021 at Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Puri Bunda Denpasar. The sampling technique used, purposive sampling, was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the criteria, this study selected 32 samples.
Result: From 32 participants, 5 had varicocele (15.6%), and 27 were without varicocele (84.4%). In this study, we found 12 success pregnancy after IUI (37.5%), with 3 participants having varicocele (9.4%) and 9 participants without varicocele (28.1%). The chi-square analysis carried out obtained the results (p>0.05), and the calculation of the relative risk got the result (RR=0.600).
Conclusion: This study showed no significant association between varicocele in infertile men and the success of IUI. The RR calculation showed that varicocele was not a risk factor for IUI failure.
WHO fact sheet on infertility. Glob Reprod Heal. 2021;6(1):e52.
Birowo P, Jelita NK, Sari P, Rasyid N. Hubungan Kadar FSH dengan Gambaran Spermatogenik pada Pasien Azoospermia Berdasarkan Kriteria Johnson. eJournal Kedokt Indones. 2017;5(3).
Gaziansyah MP, Wulan AJ, Djausal AN. Efek Rujak Polo ( Tribulus terrestris ) dan Ginseng India ( Withania somnifer ) Sebagai Terapi Mutakhir Terhadap Infertilitas Pria. J Major. 2019;8(2):215–20.
Sunderam S, Kissin DM, Zhang Y, Folger SG, Boulet SL, Warner L, et al. Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance - United States, 2016. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2019;68(4):1–23.
Allahbadia GN. Intrauterine Insemination: Fundamentals Revisited. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2017;67(6):385–92.
Hamada A, Esteves SC, Agarwal A. Varicocele and Male Infertility: Current Concepts, Controversies and Consensus. I. 2016. 112 p.
Li X, Yang X, Wang X, Wang L, Liu J, Cai F, et al. Comparison of outcomes in intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in men with and without varicocele. Int J Med Sci. 2020;17(14):2155–62.
Sönmez MG, Haliloğlu AH. Role of varicocele treatment in assisted reproductive technologies. Arab J Urol. 2018;16(1):188–96.
Abebe MS, Afework M, Abaynew Y. Primary and secondary infertility in Africa: systematic review with meta-analysis. Fertil Res Pract. 2020;6(1):1.
Beydola T, Agarwal A, Sharma R. Sperm Preparation and Selection Techniques. Med Surg Manag Male Infertil. 2014;244–244.
Malvezzi H, Sharma R, Agarwal A, Abuzenadah AM, Abu-Elmagd M. Sperm quality after density gradient centrifugation with three commercially available media: A controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014;12(1):1–7.
Boomsma CM, Cohlen BJ, Farquhar C. Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019.
Rachmiawaty A, Djuwantono T, Sasotya RMS. Analisis Faktor yang Memengaruhi Keberhasilan Kehamilan pada Inseminasi Intrauterin. Indones J Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2018;1(1):24–30.
Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma R. Andrological Evaluation of Male Infertility. Springer International Publishing. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016.
Jensen CFS, í˜stergren P, Dupree JM, Ohl DA, Sí¸nksen J, Fode M. Varicocele and male infertility. Nat Rev Urol. 2017;14(9):523–33.
Barati E, Nikzad H, Karimian M. Oxidative stress and male infertility: current knowledge of pathophysiology and role of antioxidant therapy in disease management. Cell Mol Life Sci [Internet]. 2020;77(1):93–113. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03253-8
Baigorri BF, Dixon RG, Carolina N. Varicocele : A Review. 2016;1(212):170–6.
Cho CL, Esteves SC, Agarwal A. Novel insights into the pathophysiology of varicocele and its association with reactive oxygen species and sperm DNA fragmentation. Asian J Androl. 2016;18(2):186–93.
Shiraishi K, Matsuyama H, Takihara H. Pathophysiology of varicocele in male infertility in the era of assisted reproductive technology. Int J Urol. 2012;19(6):538–50.
Cavallini G, Beretta G. Clinical Management of Male Infertility. Springer International Publishing. 2015. 180 p.
Boman JM, Libman J, Zini A. Microsurgical Varicocelectomy for Isolated Asthenospermia. J Urol. 2008;180(5):2129–32.
Daitch JA, Bedaiwy MA, Pasqualotto EB, Hendin BN, Hallak J, Falcone T, et al. Varicocelectomy improves intrauterine insemination success rates in men with varicocele. J Urol. 2001;165(5 I):1510–3.
Dhyani IAD, Kurniawan Y, Negara MO. Hubungan Antara Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Infertilitas Terhadap Tingkat Keberhasilan Ivf-Icsi Di Rsia Puri Bunda Denpasar Pada Tahun 2017. J Med Udayana. 2020;9(1):22–7.
Copyright (c) 2022 Indonesian Andrology and Biomedical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
