CORRELATION STUDY COVERAGE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AND RISK FACTORS IN INDONESIA
Downloads
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding decreases the possibility of death in newborns to achieve the 3rd SDGs goal. However, some provinces have not yet extended the quarry to include infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding. The research purposed to analyze the relationship in the middle of the inclusion of the fourth antenatal care, delivery in healthcare facilities, early commencement of breastfeeding, smoking mothers, and the inclusion of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: The study design was conducted using the correlation study from the 2019 Indonesian Health Profile and the 2020 Maternal and Child Health Profile. The unit of analysis was 34 provinces in Indonesia which were analyzed using scatter plot and Pearson correlation test. Result: The outcome of the scatter plot and correlation test manifested that the factors that correlated with the coverage of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding were coverage of the fourth antenatal care (r=0.370), delivery in health care facilities (r=0.466), early initiation of breastfeeding (r=0.592), mother smoking (r=-0.608). Conclusion: It was concluded that the 4th antenatal care visit and parturition at a healthcare facility had a moderate and positive relationship. Early commencement of breastfeeding had a strong and positive relationship, while smoking mothers had a strong relationship with a negative direction. It was recommended that the government formulate special policies for regional targets with coverage of the fourth antenatal care, delivery in health care facilities, low early commencement of breastfeeding, and areas with a high percentage of smoking mothers.
Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, prenatal care, delivery obstetric, smoking, sustainable development
Ahmed, K. Y. et al. (2019) ‘Trends and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016', International breastfeeding journal. BioMed Central, 14(1), pp. 1–14.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0234-9
Amir, L. H. and Donath, S. M. (2002) ‘Does maternal smoking have a negative physiological effect on breastfeeding? The epidemiological evidence', Birth. Wiley Online Library, 29(2), pp. 112–123.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00152.x
Asih, Y. (2016) ‘Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas dan Menyusui. Jakarta: CV', Trans Info Media.
Bai, D. L., Fong, D. Y. T. and Tarrant, M. (2015) ‘Previous breastfeeding experience and duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding among multiparous mothers', Birth. Wiley Online Library, 42(1), pp. 70–77.https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12152
Biks, G. A., Tariku, A. and Tessema, G. A. (2015) 'Effects of antenatal care and institutional delivery on exclusive breastfeeding practice in northwest Ethiopia: a nested case-control study, International breastfeeding journal. BioMed Central, 10(1), pp. 1–6.DOI 10.1186/s13006-015-0055-4
Boskey, E. (2019) ‘Ecological Analysis on Population Health [Internet]', Sexual Health, p. 1.
CDC (2021) Tobacco and E-Cigarettes: What effects can tobacco or e-cigarette exposure have on infants?, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Central Bureau of Statistics (2020) Profil Kesehatan Ibu Dan Anak 2020, Badan Pusat Statistik.
Cohen, S. S. et al. (2018) ‘Factors associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation: a meta-analysis', The Journal of pediatrics. Elsevier, 203, pp. 190–196.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.008
Donath, S. M., Amir, L. H. and Team, A. S. (2004) 'The relationship between maternal smoking and breastfeeding duration after adjustment for maternal-infant feeding intention', Acta Paediatrica. Wiley Online Library, 93(11), pp. 1514–1518.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02639.x
Eidelman, A. I. and Schanler, R. J. (2012) ‘Breastfeeding and the use of human milk.', Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics.https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552
Habtewold, T. D., Sharew, N. T. and Alemu, S. M. (2019) 'Evidence on the effect of gender of newborn, antenatal care and postnatal care on breastfeeding practices in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of observational studies, BMJ open. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 9(5), p. e023956.doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2018-023956
Jino, G. B., Munyanshongore, C. and Birungi, F. (2013) 'Knowledge, attitudes and practices of exclusive breastfeeding of infants aged 0–6 months by urban refugee Women in Kigali', Rwanda Med J, 70(1), pp. 7–10.
Labbok, M. H. (2012) ‘Global baby-friendly hospital initiative monitoring data: update and discussion', Breastfeeding Medicine. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA, 7(4), pp. 210–222.DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2012.0066
Lechosa Muñiz, C. et al. (2019) 'Impact of maternal smoking on the onset of breastfeeding versus formula feeding: a cross-sectional study, International journal of environmental research and public health. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 16(24), p. 4888.doi:10.3390/ijerph16244888
Lechosa-Muñiz, C. et al. (2020) 'Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding in Spain: a cohort study, International Breastfeeding Journal. BioMed Central, 15(1), pp. 1–9.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-020-00324-6
Macchi, M. et al. (2021) ‘The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding on human milk composition”a systematic review', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Nature Publishing Group, 75(5), pp. 736–747.
Ministry of Health RI (2014) Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2014..
Ministry of Health RI (2015) Kesehatan dalam Kerangka Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Rakorpop Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Ministry of Health RI (2020) Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. Jakarta.
Nkala, T. E. and Msuya, S. E. (2011) 'Prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among women in Kigoma region, Western Tanzania: a community based cross-sectional study, International breastfeeding journal. Springer, 6(1), pp. 1–7.
Okafor, I. P., Olatona, F. A. and Olufemi, O. A. (2014) ‘Breastfeeding practices of mothers of young children in Lagos, Nigeria', Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 41(1), pp. 43–47.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v41i1,8
Pereira, P. P. da S. et al. (2017) ‘Maternal active smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Oxford University Press US, 19(5), pp. 497–505.https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw228
Pérez"Escamilla, R., Martinez, J. L. and Segura"Pérez, S. (2016) ‘Impact of the Baby"friendly Hospital Initiative on breastfeeding and child health outcomes: a systematic review', Maternal & child nutrition. Wiley Online Library, 12(3), pp. 402–417.
Permatasari, T. A. E. and Syafruddin, A. (2016) ‘Early initiation of breastfeeding related to exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration in rural and urban areas in Subang, West Java, Indonesia', Journal of Health Research, 30(5), pp. 337–345.DOI: 10.14456/jhr.2016.46
Perrine, C. G. et al. (2012) ‘Baby-Friendly hospital practices and meeting exclusive breastfeeding intention', Pediatrics. Am Acad Pediatrics, 130(1), pp. 54–60. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3633
Pineles, B. L. et al. (2016) 'Systematic review and meta-analyses of perinatal death and maternal exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy, American journal of epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 184(2), pp. 87–97.https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv301
Piro, S. S. and Ahmed, H. M. (2020) 'Impacts of antenatal nursing interventions on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy: an experimental study, BMC pregnancy and childbirth. Springer, 20(1), pp. 1–12.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2701-0
Pusporini, A. D., Pangestuti, D. R. and Rahfiludin, M. Z. (2021) ‘Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Praktik ASI Eksklusif di Daerah Pertanian Kabupaten Semarang (Studi pada Ibu yang Memiliki Bayi Usia 0− 6 Bulan)', MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA. Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, 20(2), pp. 83–90.https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.20.2.83-90
Rahman, M. A. et al. (2020) ‘Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice in Bangladesh: Evidence from nationally representative survey data', Plos one. Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA, 15(7), p. e0236080.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236080
RI Government (2012) ‘Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 33 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pemberian ASI Eksklusif', Ðкономика Региона, p. 42.
Secretariat General of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2015) Rencana Strategies Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2015-2019.
Sefene, A. et al. (2013) ‘Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers of children age less than 6 month in Bahir Dar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia; a community based cross-sectional survey', Sci J Clin Med, 2(6), pp. 153–159.DOI: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20130206.12
Sinha, B. et al. (2015) ‘Interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review and meta"analysis', Acta paediatrica. Wiley Online Library, 104, pp. 114–134.DOI:10.1111/apa.13127
Soneji, S. and Beltrán-Sánchez, H. (2019) ‘Association of maternal cigarette smoking and smoking cessation with preterm birth', JAMA network open. American Medical Association, 2(4), pp. e192514–e192514.doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2514 (
Spaeth, A. et al. (2018) ‘Baby"Friendly Hospital designation has a sustained impact on continued breastfeeding', Maternal & child nutrition. Wiley Online Library, 14(1), p. e12497.https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12497
Sudfeld, C. R. and Fawzi, W. W. (2017) ‘Importance of innovations in neonatal and adolescent health in reaching the sustainable development goals by 2030', JAMA pediatrics. American Medical Association, 171(6), pp. 521–522.doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0261
Takahashi, K. et al. (2017) ‘Prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and determinants of delayed initiation of breastfeeding: secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey', Scientific reports. Nature publishing group, 7(1), pp. 1–10.DOI: 10.1038/srep44868
Tavoulari, E.-F. et al. (2016) ‘Factors affecting breastfeeding duration in Greece: What is important?', World journal of clinical pediatrics, 5(3), pp. 349–357. DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i3.349.
Timur Taşhan, S., Hotun Sahin, N. and Omaç Sönmez, M. (2017) 'Maternal smoking and newborn sex, birth weight and breastfeeding: A population-based study, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Taylor & Francis, 30(21), pp. 2545–2550.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2016.1256986
Victora, C. G. et al. (2016) ‘Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect', The Lancet. Elsevier, 387(10017), pp. 475–490.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
Walsh, S. M. et al. (2019) ‘Effects of early initiation of breastfeeding on exclusive breastfeeding practices of mothers in Rural Haiti', Journal of Pediatric Health Care. Elsevier, 33(5), pp. 561–567.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.02.010
WHO (2017) Guideline: Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services, World Health OrganizationWHO. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259386/9789241550086-eng.pdf.
Widodo, Y. et al. (2019) ‘Strategi peningkatan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif.' Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat.
Yeneabat, T., Belachew, T. and Haile, M. (2014) 'Determinants of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding in Ankesha Guagusa Woreda, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study, BMC pregnancy and childbirth. BioMed Central, 14(1), pp. 1–12.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Indonesian Journal of Public Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The authors agree to transfer the transfer copyright of the article to The Indonesian Journal of Public Health effective if and when the paper is accepted for publication.
- Authors and other parties are bound to the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License for the published articles, legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA), implies that:
- Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
