THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON THE PERIODONTAL TISSUE
Downloads
Tobacco contains thousands of chemical substances which known to be harmful to periodontal tissues. Nicotine was considered as the most toxic substances to periodontal tissues. The datas in this review indicate that smoking may have a significant role in the initiation and progression of periodontal destruction. The conclusion of this and the other studies indicate that smokers have a less favorable response to periodontal therapy than non smoker. Nicotine is potentially toxic substances that have a detrimental effect on periodontal tissue, by altering the host response or directly damage the cells of normal periodontium.
periodontal. Dental Journal Art. No. 2000; 628; p. 54–57.
2. Johnson GK, Slach NA. Impact of tobacco use periodontal status. J
Dental Education. 2001; 65: 306–21.
3. Martinez-Ganut P, Lorca A, Magan R. Smoking and periodontal
disease severity. J Clinic Periodontal 2003; 22: 743–9.
4. Ruslan G. Efek merokok terhadap rongga mulut. Cermin Dunia
Kedokteran 1996; (113): 41–3.
5. Chew CL, et al. Long term dissolution of mercury from a non mercury releasing amalgam. Clinical Preventive Dent. 1991; (3): 5–7.
6. Goodman, Gilman�s. Pharmacological basis of therapeutic. 11
ed. Mc Graw Hill Co. Inc; 2006. p. 213, 559.
7. Gora MI. Nicotine transdermal systems. The annals of pharmacotherapy 1993; 27: 742–8.
8. Darby TD, Mcname JE, van Rossum JM. Cigarette smoking
pharmacokinetic and relationship to smoking behaviour. Clinical
pharmacokinetic. 1984; 9: 435–49.
9. Wallstrom M, Sand L, Nilsson F, Hirsch JM. The long trem effect of
nicotine on the oral mucosa. J Perio 1999; 94: 417–23.
10. Kinane DF, Radvar M. The effect of smoking on mechanical an
antimicrobial periodontal therapy. J Perio 1997; 68: 467–72.
11. Thomson WM, Broadbent JM, Welch D beck. Cigarette smoking and perodontal disease among 32-years –old. J Clinic Periodontal 2007; 34: 828–38.
12. Lamster IB. Smoking as major risk factor for adult periodontitis. J
Clinic Perio 1992; 23: 151–4
13. Barbour SE, et al. Tobacco and smoking: Environmental factors that
modify the host respon and impact on periodontal health. Crit Rev
Oral Biol Med 1997; 8: 437–60.
14. DM Winn. Tobacco use and Oral disease. J Dental Education 2001; 65: 306–12.
15. Pejcic A, Obradovic R, Kesic L, Kojovic D. Smoking and periodontal disease a review. Medical Biology 2007; 4(2): 53–9.
16. Alamsyah RM. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan merokok dan hubungan dengan status penyakit peridontitis dikota Medan. FKG
USU. 2009.
17. Kaldahl WB, Johnson GK, Patil KD, Kalkwalf Kl. Levels of cigarette
consumptiom and response to periodontal therapy. J Periodontology
1996; 67: 675–81.
18. Ryder MI. Tobacco use and the periodontal patient. J Periodontology 1996; 67: 51–4.
19. Power JT. Vascular damage from smoking: Disease mechanisme at the arterial wall. Vasc Med 2001; 3: 21–8.
20. Zhou J. Olson BL Windsor LJ. Nicotine increase the collagen-
degrading ability of human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42: 228–35.
21. Esmeralda A, Martinez T. Root surface condotioning with nicotine or cotine reduces viability and density of fibroblas invitro. J Periodontal 2005; 31: 180–6.
22. Trauth JA, Seidler FJ, Ali SF. Slotkin TA. Adolescent nicotine
exposure produces immediate and long term CNS noradrenergic and
dopaminergic fuction brain res. 2001; 892: 269–80.
23. Clark NG, Hirsch RS. Personalized risk factor generalized
periodontitis. J Clinic Pero 1995; 22: 136–45.
24. MacFarlane GD, Herzberg MC, Wolff LF, Hardie NA, Refractory
periodontitis associated with abnormal PMN leucocyte phagocytosis
and cigarrete smoking J Perio 1992; 63: 908–13.
25. Ramon MJ, Calsina G, Cheveria JJ. Effect of smoking on periodontal tissue. 2002. 29: 771–6.
26. Marta EN. Understanding the etiology of periodontitis–an overview of periodontal risk factors. Perio 2000. 2004; 32(1): 11–23.
27. Kornmann KS, Page RC. The host response to microbial challenge
in periodontitis. Periodontology 2000. 1997; 14: 33–5.
The Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease (IJTID) is a scientific peer-reviewed journal freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research. All articles published in the IJTID are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which is under the following terms:
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
