Antimicrobial Activities of Laurus nobilis Leaves Ethanol Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellae typhi, and Escherichia coli.
Downloads
Laurus nobilis is one of the most well-known, most frequently used plants is from Lauraceae family which contains up 2.500 species that grow in the subtropics and tropics of the Mediterranean region and Indonesia. This study was supposed to investigate the antimicrobial eff ect of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellae typhi, and Escherichia coli. This preliminary study examined the antimicrobial eff ect of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract. The method used Agar-well diff usion for determination of the zone of inhibition and the minimum bactericidal concentration to investigate the activity of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract at 100% concentration . The results revealed that extract of L. nobilis leaves had the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (16.3 ±1.5 mm), Staphylococcus aureus with (14.5±0.5 mm), and weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (11.3±1.1mm). Also, through the minimum bactericidal concentration experiment, the L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract had activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellae typhi, it's killed the bacteria in all concentration start it from 5í—107 to 5í—104. But the activity on Escherichia coli just weaken concentration 5í—107 and 106. This research has concluded that the L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract exhibited a signiï¬ cant antimicrobial eff ect against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellae typhi then Escherichia coli that is considered a kind of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Van Hoek AH, Mevius D, Guerra B, Mullany P, Roberts AP, Aarts HJ. Acquired antibiotic resistance genes: an overview. Frontiers in microbiology. 2011 Sep 28;2:203.
Yılmaz EÅž, Aslantaş í–. Antimicrobial resistance and underlying mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine. 2017 Nov 1;10(11):1059-64.
Al-Talib H, Al-Khateeb A, Hassan H. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Malaysian Tertiary Hospital. International Medical Journal. 2015 Apr 1;22(1):1-3.
Garoy EY, Gebreab YB, Achila OO, Tekeste DG, Kesete R, Ghirmay R, Kiflay R, Tesfu T. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among patients”a multicenter study in Asmara, Eritrea. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 2019 Jan 1;2019.
Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Kadaikunnan S, Alobaidi AS, Sharafaddin AH, Alyahya SA, Almanaa TN, Alsughayier MA, Shehu MR. Prevalence of Escherichia coli strains resistance to antibiotics in wound infections and raw milk. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2019 Nov 1;26(7):1557-62.
Torkan S, Bahadoranian MA, Khamesipour F, Anyanwu MU. Detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoiec dogs in Iran. Archivos de medicina veterinaria. 2016;48(2):181-90.
Aljindan RY, Alkharsah KR. Pattern of increased antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in the Eastern Province of KSA. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2020 Feb 1;15(1):48-53.
Bryce A, Hay AD, Lane IF, Thornton HV, Wootton M, Costelloe C. Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. bmj. 2016 Mar 15;352:i939.
Odonkor ST, Addo KK. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water sources. International journal of microbiology. 2018 Aug 19;2018.
Tambekar, D., Dahikar, S. & Lahare, M. 2009. Antibacterial Potentials Of Some Herbal Preparations Available In India. Res J Med Science, 4, 224-7.
Hidayat YW, Widodo AD, Dachan YP. The antimicrobial effect of+ Oxivarea against methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Internet Journal of Microbiology. 2019;16(1):200-10.
Kaurinovic B, Popovic M, Vlaisavljevic S. In vitro and in vivo effects of Laurus nobilis L. leaf extracts. Molecules. 2010 May;15(5):3378-90.
Harismah K. Pemanfaatan Daun Salam (Eugenia Polyantha) Sebagai Obat Herbal Dan Rempah Penyedap Makanan. Warta Lpm. 2017 Feb 21;19(2):110-8.
Aldhaher ZA, Merza phD WM, Almelan MF, Shaker RM, Yas LS. Effectiveness of Bay Leaves Aqueous Extract on Streptococcus Mutans In Comparision To Chlorhexidine Gluconate.
Algabri SO, Doro BM, Abadi AM, Shiba MA, Salem AH. Bay Leaves have Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. Journal of Pathogen Research. 2018 Aug 2;1(1).
Klemow KM, Bartlow A, Crawford J, Kocher N, Shah J, Ritsick M. Herbal medicine: biomolecular and clinical aspects. CRC Press. 2011;2(11):211-28.
Yilmaz ES, Timur M, Aslim B. Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Bay Laurel from Hatay, Turkey. Journal of Essential OilBearing Plants. 2013 Feb 1;16(1):108-16. Journal of Microbiology. 2019 Volume 16 Number.
Ozcan B, Esen M, Sangun MK, Coleri A, Caliskan M. Effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties of methanolic extract of Laurus nobilis seed oil. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2010 Sep 1;31(5):637-41.
Diten POM. 1986. Sediaan Galenik.Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Sudjadi.1986. Metode Pemisahan.Yogyakarta : UGM Press.
Nugroho, Agung.2017. Teknologi Bahan Alam. Banjarmasin: Lambung Mangkurat University press.
CLSI C. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clinical Lab Standards Institute. 2016.
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of pharmaceutical analysis. 2016 Apr 1;6(2):71-9.
Alonso CA, Domínguez C, Heras J, Mata E, Pascual V, Torres C, Zarazaga M. Antibiogramj: A tool for analysing images from disk diffusion tests. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 2017 May 1;143:159-69.
Mah TF. Establishing the minimal bactericidal concentration of an antimicrobial agent for planktonic cells (MBC-P) and biofilm cells (MBC-B). JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments). 2014 Jan 2(83):e50854.
Al-Ogaili N, Bilal R, Younis H, Khadim T. The examination of the water concentrates of laurus nobilis leaves antibacterial activity utilizing various strategies for extraction (in vitro). International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020 Jan 6;11(1):66-9.
Otsuka N, Liu MH, Shiota S, Ogawa W, Kuroda T, Hatano T, Tsuchiya T. Anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compounds isolated from Laurus nobilis. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2008 Sep 1;31(9):1794-7.
El Malti J, Amarouch H. Antibacterial effect, histological impact and oxidative stress studies from Laurus nobilis extract. Journal of food quality. 2009 Apr;32(2):190-208.
Sırıken B, Yavuz C, Güler A. Antibacterial Activity of Laurus nobilis: A review of literature. Medical Science and Discovery. 2018 Nov 30;5(11):374-9.
Patil N, Mule P. Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella typhi And Paratyphi A Isolates To Chloramphenicol And Other Anti-Typhoid Drugs: An In Vitro Study. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2019;12:3217.
Qnais EY, Abdulla FA, Kaddumi EG, Abdalla SS. Antidiarrheal activity of Laurus nobilis L. leaf extract in rats. Journal of medicinal food. 2012 Jan 1;15(1):51-7.
Nafis A, Kasrati A, Jamali CA, Custódio L, Vitalini S, Iriti M, Hassani L. A Comparative Study of the in Vitro Antimicrobial and Synergistic Effect of Essential Oils from Laurus nobilis L. and Prunus armeniaca L. from Morocco with Antimicrobial Drugs: New Approach for Health Promoting Products. Antibiotics. 2020 Apr;9(4):140.
Copyright (c) 2021 Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease (IJTID) is a scientific peer-reviewed journal freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research. All articles published in the IJTID are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which is under the following terms:
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
