Novel Potential Immune Response Biomarkers to Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Last Five Years
Downloads
Rapid and accurate detection performs an important role in the control of raising MDR-TB. Currently, studies on biomarkers as targets for TB diagnostic tests using immune response products to indicate the presence, mycobacterial load, early markers, and activity, diff erentiation, and progression markers of TB infection are rapidly available. This systematic review aims to summarize the last ï¬ ve years of potential biomarkers studies from the immune response for MDR-TB rapid diagnostic development. The authors performed a literature search on four databases as ProQuest, EBSCO Academic Search, Universitas Gadjah Mada Online Library Journal Database, and Google Scholar, retrieved from January 2016 to December 2021. In total, 18,288 articles were identiï¬ ed and three tudies met the inclusion criteria. Several promising biomarkers were found for MDR-TB diagnosis purposes, such as sCD14, PGLYRP2, FGA, Indoleamine 2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO), and Complement Receptor 2 (CR2). A combination of sCD14, PGLYRP2, and FGA were bringing a diagnostic design with a higher sensitivity (94.7%) and speciï¬ city (80%) than the design of a single protein. Higher IDO activity towards the MDR-TB group than in the DS-TB group with a sensitivity of 87.50 %, speciï¬ city of 72.22 %. CR2 was the main focus due to its association with IL-6. After induction of CR2 peptide in a dose-dependent manner, the expression level of IL-6 was decreased signiï¬ cantly. It might because of CR2 peptide regulating the macrophages proinfl ammatory cytokines secretion to decrease the local infl ammation of the immune response. These biomarkers are strong candidates for MDR-TB diagnosis due to their important role as the pathogenesis marker of MDR-TB. There is a need of further research to investigate those immune response products and their role to eliminate infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly.
Yang JD, Mott D, Sutiwisesak R, Lu YJ, Raso F, Stowell B, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-speciï¬ c CD4+and CD8+T cells diff er in their capacity to recognize infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14(5):1–30.
Mertaniasih NM, Handijatno D, Perwitasari ADS, Dewi DNSS, Fanani MZ, Afifah IQ. Sequence Analysis of the Gene Region Encoding ESAT-6, Ag85B, and Ag85C Proteins from Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Procedia Chem. 2016;18(Mcls 2015):225–30.
Miggiano R, Rizzi M, Ferraris DM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis, infection prevention and treatment. Pathogens. 2020;9(5):10–3.
WHO. Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis Treatment [Internet]. Who. 2019. 1–104 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/tb/publications/2019/ consolidated-guidelines-drug-resistant-TB-treatment/ en/
Wang C, Liu CM, Wei LL, Shi LY, Pan ZF, Mao LG, et al. A group of novel serum diagnostic biomarkers for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by iTRAQ-2D LC-MS/MS and solexa sequencing. Int J Biol Sci. 2016;12(2):246–56.
Chakaya J, Khan M, Ntoumi F, Aklillu E, Fatima R, Mwaba P, et al. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020 – Refl ections on the Global TB burden, treatment and prevention eff orts. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;(xxxx):4–9.
Palomino JC, Martin A. Drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antibiotics. 2014;3(3):317–40.
Carranza C, Pedraza-Sanchez S, de Oyarzabal-Mendez E, Torres M. Diagnosis for Latent Tuberculosis
Infection: New Alternatives. Front Immunol. 2020;11(September):1–13.
Singh A, Kumar Gupta A, Gopinath K, Sharma P, Singh S. Evaluation of 5 Novel protein biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: Preliminary results. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2017;7(March):1–11. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1038/srep44121
Hadizadeh Tasbiti A, Yari S, Siadat SD, Tabarsi P, Saeedfar K, Yari F. Cellular immune response in MDR-TB patients to diff erent protein expression of MDR and susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Rv0147, a novel MDR-TB biomarker. Immunol Res. 2018;66(1):59–66.
Mehta PK, Dahiya B, Sharma S, Singh N, Dharra R, Thakur Z, et al. Immuno-PCR, a new technique for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. J Microbiol Methods [Internet]. 2017;139:218–29. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2017.05.009
Huang H, Zhang Y, Li S, Wang J, Chen J, Pan Z, et al. Rifampicin Resistance and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Detection Using Xpert MTB/RIF in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study. Microb Drug Resist. 2018;24(5):675–9.
Tadesse BT, Ashley EA, Ongarello S, Havumaki J, Wijegoonewardena M, González IJ, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: A systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):1–18.
Goletti D, Petruccioli E, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM. Tuberculosis biomarkers: From diagnosis to protection. Infect Dis Rep. 2016;8(2):24–32.
Pollock KM, Whitworth HS, Montamat-Sicotte DJ, Grass L, Cooke GS, Kapembwa MS, et al. T-cell immunophenotyping distinguishes active from latent tuberculosis. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(6):952–68.
Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. A New Tool to Diagnose Tuberculosis : The Xpert MTB / RIF Assay. Cdc. 2013;2.
Lawn SD, Nicol MP. Xpert MTB/RIF assay: development, evaluation and implementation of a new rapid molecular diagnostic for tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Future Microbiol. 2011;6(9):1067–82.
de Martino M, Lodi L, Galli L, Chiappini E. Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Narrative Review. Front Pediatr. 2019;7(August):1–8.
Marín ND, París SC, Rojas M, García LF. Functional proï¬ le of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in latently infected individuals and patients with active TB. Tuberculosis [Internet]. 2013;93(2):155–66. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2012.12.002
Nikolova M, Markova R, Drenska R, Muhtarova M, Todorova Y, Dimitrov V, et al. Antigen-speciï¬ c CD4- and CD8-positive signatures in diff erent phases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis [Internet]. 2013;75(3):277–81. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. diagmicrobio.2012.11.023
Lee JY, Jung YW, Jeong I, Joh JS, Sim SY, Choi B, et al. Immune parameters diff erentiating active from latent tuberculosis infection in humans. Tuberculosis [Internet]. 2015;95(6):758–63. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2015.08.003
Arlehamn CSL, Lewinsohn D, Sette A, Lewinsohn D. in Tuberculosis. 2014;1–15.
Yong YK, Tan HY, Saeidi A, Wong WF, Vignesh R, Velu V, et al. Immune Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Tuberculosis: Current Developments and Future Prospects. Front Microbiol. 2019;10(December).
McNerney R, Maeurer M, Abubakar I, Marais B, McHugh TD, Ford N, et al. Tuberculosis diagnostics and biomarkers: Needs, challenges, recent advances, and opportunities. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(SUPPL. 2):147–58.
Liu Y, Ndumnego OC, Chen T, Kim RS, Jenny-Avital ER, Ndung'u T, et al. Soluble CD14 as a diagnostic biomarker for smear-negative HIV-associated tuberculosis. Pathogens. 2018;7(1):1–12.
Gómez-Rial J, Currás-Tuala MJ, Rivero-Calle I, Gómez-Carballa A, Cebey-López M, RodríguezTenreiro C, et al. Increased Serum Levels of sCD14 and sCD163 Indicate a Preponderant Role for Monocytes in COVID-19 Immunopathology. Front Immunol. 2020;11(September):1–8.
Reiner AP, Lange EM, Jenny NS, Chaves PHM, Ellis J, Li J, et al. Soluble CD14: Genomewide association analysis and relationship to cardiovascular risk and mortality in older adults. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33(1):158–64.
Chen J, Han YS, Yi WJ, Huang H, Li Z Bin, Shi LY, et al. Serum sCD14, PGLYRP2 and FGA as potential biomarkers for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis based on data-independent acquisition and targeted proteomics. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24(21):12537– 49.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372.
Dabrowski AN, Conrad C, Behrendt U, Shrivastav A, Baal N, Wienhold SM, et al. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 regulates neutrophil recruitment into the lungs after streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Front Microbiol. 2019;10(FEB):1–10.
Park SY, Gupta D, Hurwich R, Kim CH, Dziarski R. Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein Pglyrp2 Protects Mice from Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation by Promoting Regulatory T Cells and Limiting Th17 Responses. J Immunol. 2011;187(11):5813–23.
Baker SR, Arií«ns RAS. Fibrin clot structure and function: A novel risk factor for arterial and venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. Cardiovasc Thrombus From Pathol Clin Present to Imaging, Pharmacother Interv. 2018;(Mi):31–49.
Mbongue JC, Nicholas DA, Torrez TW, Kim NS, Firek AF, Langridge WHR. The role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in immune suppression and autoimmunity. Vaccines. 2015;3(3):703–29.
Shi W, Wu J, Tan Q, Hu CM, Zhang X, Pan HQ, et al. Plasma indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of multidrugresistant tuberculosis in tuberculosis patients. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:1265–76.
Munn DH, Mellor AL. IDO Pathway: Effect on Foxp3+ Tregs and Cancer [Internet]. Second Edi. Cancer Immunotherapy: Immune Suppression and Tumor Growth: Second Edition. Elsevier; 2013. 583–596 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-12-394296-8.00033-6
Soliman H, Mediavilla-Varela M, Antonia S. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is it an immune suppressor? Cancer J. 2010;16(4):354–9.
Kovacs JM, Hannan JP, Eisenmesser EZ, Holers VM. Mapping of the C3d ligand binding site on complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) using nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical shift analysis. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(14):9513–20.
Yang Y, Wu J. Significance of the differential peptidome in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019.
Seyedhosseini FS, Mohammadi S, Ebrahimabad MZ, Khodabakhshi B, Abbasi A, Yazdani Y. Interleukin-6, interleukin-17 and transforming growth factor-beta are overexpressed in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients; potent biomarkers of mycobacterial infection. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2019;14(4):0–5.
Kisuya J, Chemtai A, Raballah E, Keter A, Ouma C. The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1–12.
Copyright (c) 2022 Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease (IJTID) is a scientific peer-reviewed journal freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research. All articles published in the IJTID are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which is under the following terms:
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
