Re-Emergence of Ampicillin Sensitive Salmonella Typhi and the Increase of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Typhoid Fever Treatment in Asia: A Systematic Review
Downloads
Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Typhi infection. In 2000, 2.16 million people were affected worldwide, with more than 90% morbidity and mortality in Asia. Ampicillin is the first-line antibiotic used for typhoid management. However, the rise in resistance to first-line antibiotics has shifted ciprofloxacin as an alternative. This study aimed to describe the trends in ciprofloxacin- and ampicillin-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Asia. This study was a systematic review that conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Search was indicated toward studies on Salmonella Typhi susceptibility toward ciprofloxacin and ampicillin were identified using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. Of the 1542 studies found, only 16 fulfilled the criteria. In 1996, Salmonella Typhi was not found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 3.5% was resistant to ampicillin. In 2005, ciprofloxacin resistance increased to 19.3%, whereas ampicillin resistance decreased to 13.3%. In 2005-2014, a larger number of Salmonella Typhi isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin than to ampicillin. Furthermore, during 2016-2019, resistance to ciprofloxacin increased from 8.1% to 95%, while ampicillin resistance increased from 27.5% to 85.2%. This the high ampicillin resistance in South and East Asia. In Asia, there was an increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhi from 1996 to 2019, whereas ampicillin-resistant Salmonella Typhi decreased from 1996 to 2015. Between 2016 and 2019, contrasting evidence was found in East Asia and South Asia, where resistance toward ampicillin increased.
Home | Typhoid Fever | CDC [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/index.html
Typhoid fever - Symptoms and causes [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378661
Typhoid fever [Internet]. nhs.uk. 2018 [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/
Acosta CJ, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Baiqing D, Bhattacharya SK, Agtini MD, Bhutta ZA, et al. A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls. World Health Organization Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008 Apr; 86(4):260–8.
Kalra S, Naithani N, Mehta S, Swamy A. Current Trends in the Management of Typhoid Fever. Med J Armed Forces India. 2003 Apr; 59(2):130–5.
Typhoid Treatment [Internet]. Take on Typhoid. [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.coalitionagainsttyphoid.org/the-issues/typhoid-treatment/
Mutai WC, Muigai AWT, Waiyaki P, Kariuki S. Multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Kenya. BMC Microbiol. 2018 Nov 14; 18:187.
Drug-Resistant Typhoid [Internet]. Take on Typhoid. [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.coalitionagainsttyphoid.org/the-issues/drug-resistant-typhoid/
Dyson ZA, Klemm EJ, Palmer S, Dougan G. Antibiotic Resistance and Typhoid. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 15; 68(Suppl 2):S165–70.
Ajum HA. Evaluasi Kerasionalan Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Anak dengan Demam Tifoid Berdasarkan Kriteria Gyssens di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul Yogyakarta Periode Januari-December 2013. 2015 [cited 2021 Nov 19]; Available from: https://repository.usd.ac.id/42/2/118114171_full.pdf
Wiest DB, Cochran JB, Tecklenburg FW. Chloramphenicol Toxicity Revisited: A 12-Year-Old Patient With a Brain Abscess. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2012; 17(2):182–8.
Chloramphenicol Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.drugs.com/sfx/chloramphenicol-side-effects.html
Chloramphenicol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/chloramphenicol
Choudhary A, Gopalakrishnan R, Senthur NP, Ramasubramanian V, Ghafur KA, Thirunarayan MA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovars in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Indian J Med Res. 2013 Apr; 137(4):800–2.
Chatham-Stephens K. Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella Typhi Infections Among Travelers to or from Pakistan — United States, 2016–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Dec 27];68. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6801a3.htm
Veeraraghavan B, Pragasam AK, Bakthavatchalam YD, Ralph R. Typhoid fever: issues in laboratory detection, treatment options & concerns in management in developing countries. Future Sci OA. 2018 Jul;4(6):FSO312.
Kuijpers LMF, Phe T, Veng CH, Lim K, Ieng S, Kham C, et al. The clinical and microbiological characteristics of enteric fever in Cambodia, 2008-2015. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Sep;11(9):e0005964.
Swami OC. Ampicillin: Rise Fall & Resurgence. JCDR [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2021 Nov 19]; Available from: http://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2014&volume=8&issue=5&page=ME01&issn=0973-709x&id=4356
Alam M, Pillai P, Kapur P, Pillai K. Resistant patterns of bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections at a university hospital in Delhi. J Pharma Bioallied Sci. 2011 Oct; 3(4):525–30.
Mohanty S, Renuka K, Sood S, Das BK, Kapil A. Antibiogram pattern and seasonality of Salmonella serotypes in a North Indian tertiary care hospital. Epidemiology & Infection. 2006 Oct;134(5):961–6.
Kumar Y, Sharma A, Mani KR. Antibiogram Profile of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in India - A Two Year Study. Trop Life Sci Res.
Sharvani R, Hemavathi null, Dayanand DK, Shenoy P, Sarmah P. Antibiogram of Salmonella Isolates: Time to Consider Antibiotic Salvage. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 May;10(5):DC06-08.
Dutta S, Das S, Mitra U, Jain P, Roy I, Ganguly SS, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Profiles and Molecular Subtypes of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A Blood Isolates from Kolkata, India during 2009-2013. Mantis NJ, editor. PLoS ONE. 2014 Aug 6; 9(8):e101347.
Kumar S, Rizvi M, Berry N. Rising prevalence of enteric fever due to multidrug-resistant Salmonella: an epidemiological study. J Med Microbiol. 2008 Oct; 57(Pt 10):1247–50.
Khadka S, Shrestha B, Pokhrel A, Khadka S, Joshi RD, Banjara MR. Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Typhi Isolated From a Referral Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal. Microbiol Insights. 2021; 14:11786361211056350.
Khanal PR, Satyal D, Bhetwal A, Link to external site this link will open in a new window, Maharjan A, Shakya S, et al. Renaissance of Conventional First-Line Antibiotics in Salmonella enterica Clinical Isolates: Assessment of MICs for Therapeutic Antimicrobials in Enteric Fever Cases from Nepal. BioMed Res Int. [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Aug 21]; 2017. Available from: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1939715782/abstract/AA148688476E40CCPQ/70
Khanal B, Sharma SK, Bhattacharya SK, Bhattarai NR, Deb M, Kanungo R. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi in Eastern Nepal. J Health, Popul Nutri. 2007 Mar; 25(1):82–7.
Ali MK, Sultana S. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of salmonella typhi in children. Bangladesh J Med Sci. 2016; 15(3):416–8.
Ahmed D, Nahid MA, Sami AB, Halim F, Akter N, Sadique T, et al. Bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2005–2014. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017 Jan 5; 6(1):2.
Shah SAA, Nadeem M, Syed SA, Abidi STF, Khan N, Bano N. Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Typhi: Emergence of Resistant Strains. Cureus [Internet]. 2020 Nov 29 [cited 2022 Oct 21];12(11). Available from: https://www.cureus.com/articles/42316-antimicrobial-sensitivity-pattern-of-salmonella-typhi-emergence-of-resistant-strains
Saeed M, Rasool MH, Rasheed F, Saqalein M, Nisar MA, Imran AA, et al. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020 Feb; 14(2):169–76.
Hardjo Lugito NP, Cucunawangsih null. Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi Isolates from a General Hospital in Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia: A Five-Year Review. Int J Microbiol. 2017; 2017:6215136.
Amdani SK. Antibiotic resistance pattern of pediatric Typhoid fever patients at Harapan Kita Children and Maternity Hospital Jakarta, 1996. Med J Indones. 1998;7: 253–6.
Al-Mayahi FSA, Jaber SM. A preliminary study of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) of bacterial causing typhoid fever isolated from stool specimens in Al-Diwaniya, Iraq. EurAsian J BioSci. 2020; 14(1):2369–78.
Moehario LH, Tjoa E, Kalay VNKD, Abidin A, Moehario LH, Tjoa E, et al. Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Jakarta and Surrounding Areas [Internet]. Salmonella - A Diversified Superbug. IntechOpen; 2012 [cited 2022 Nov 20]. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/state.item.id
Techasaensiri C, Radhakrishnan A, Als D, Thisyakorn U. Typhoidal Salmonella Trends in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Sep; 99(3 Suppl):64–71.
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease (IJTID) is a scientific peer-reviewed journal freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research. All articles published in the IJTID are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which is under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
