Screening of Legionella pneumophila from Well Water in Magetan Regency, Indonesia
Downloads
Legionellosis is a respiratory infection caused by Legionella pneumophila, a bacterium that can infect protozoa and human lung cells. The disease can be mild or severe, and sometimes fatal, especially in immunocompromised people. Some types of antibiotics that can be used to treat Legionella disease are macrolides such as rifampicin, azithromycin and clarithromycin, as well as fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. The aim was to investigate the distribution and prevalence of Legionella in well water. This study collected and tested water samples from a different well water in Magetan Regency, East Java, Indonesia using DNA extraction, two-step PCR methods, and visualization with 1.5% agarose gel in UV transluminator. The results were visualized with QGIS 3.28.6 and compared with other tests. The results showed that none of the eight water samples were contaminated with L. pneumophila compared with positive control (403 bp).
Farnham A, Alleyne L, Cimini D, Balter S. Legionnaires' Disease Incidence and Risk Factors, New York, New York, USA, 2002-2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(11):1795-1802. doi: 10.3201/eid2011.131872
Garin N, Marti C, Lami AS, Prendki V. Atypical Pathogens in Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Implications for Empiric Antibiotic Treatment: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms. 2022;10(12):2326 doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122326
Mondino S, Schmidt S, Rolando M, Escoll P, Gomez-Valero L, Buchrieser C. Legionnaires' Disease: State of the Art Knowledge of Pathogenesis Mechanisms of Legionella. Annu Rev Pathol. 2020;24(15):439-466. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032742
Lama A, Drennan SL, Johnson RC, Rubenstein GL, Cambronne ED. Identification of conserved ABC importers necessary for intracellular survival of Legionella pneumophila in multiple hosts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7(485):1-14. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00485
Sherwood RK, Roy CR. Autophagy evasion and endoplasmic reticulum subversion: The Yin and Yang of Legionella intracellullar infection. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2016;70(1):413-433. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095557
Du J, von Wrisberg MK, Gulen B, Stahl M, Pett C, Hadberg C, Lang K, Schneider S, Itzen A. Rab1-AMPylation by Legionella DrrA is allosterically activated by Rab1. Nat Commun. 2021;12(460):1-16. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20702-2
Alrahimi J, Aldahlawi A, Hassoubah S, Al-Jadani S, Alyamani W, Alotaibi N. AnInsight into the Microbiology, Epidemiology, and Host Cell Biology of Legionella Pneumophila: A Review of Literature. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia. 2022;19(3):561-577. doi: 10.13005/bbra/3010
Gea-Izquierdo E, Gil-Prieto R, Hernández-Barrera V, Rodrígues-Caravaca G, Gil-de-Miguel í. Legionellosis-Associated Hospitalization in Spain from 2002 to 2021. Microorganisms. 2023;11(7):1693. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071693
Barimani, MJ. Legionella: An uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia. JAAPA. 2022;35(10):38-42. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000873792.00538.78
Phin N, Parry-Ford F, Harrison T, Stagg HR, Zhang N, Kumar K, Lortholary O, Zumla A, Abubakar I. Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires' disease. Lancet Infec Dis. 2014;14(10):1011–21. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70713-3.
Menistry of Health of Indonesian Republic. Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) LEGIONELLOSIS. 2023. Available from: https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/penyakit-virus/frequently-asked-questions-faq-legionellosis
Yasmon A, Yusmaniar Y, Anis A, Bela B. Simultaneous detection of Legionella species and Legionella pneumophila by duplex PCR (dPCR) assay in cooling tower water samples from Jakarta, Indonesia. Med J Indones. 2010;19(4):223–227. doi:10.13181/mji.v19i4.408
Moehario L, Robertus T, Grace Y, Tjoa E. Screening of Legionella pneumophila from water sources in the hospitals in Jakarta. Health Sci J Indones. 2019;10(1):21–26. doi: 10.22435/hsji.v10i1.1852
Brady MF, Sundareshan V. Legionnaires' Disease. [Updated 2022 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430807/
Viasus D, Gaia V, Manzur-Barbur C, Carratalí . Legionnaires' Disease: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;11(3):973-986. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00635-7
Arget M, Kosar J, Suen B, Peermohamed S. Successful Treatment of Legionnaires' Disease with Tigecycline in an Immunocompromised Man with a Legion of Antibiotic Allergies. Cureus. 2019;11(4):e4577. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4577
Boczek LA, Tang M, Formal C, Lytle D, Ryu H. Comparison of two culture methods for the enumeration of Legionella pneumophila from potable water samples. J Water Health. 2021;19(3):468-477. doi: 10.2166/wh.2021.051
Torres A, Menéndez R, Wunderink RG. Bacterial Pneumonia and Lung Abscess. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 2016:557-582.e22. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00033-6
Eble D, Gehrig V, Schubert-Ullrich P, Köppel R, Füchslin HP. Comparison of the culture method with multiplex PCR for the confirmation of Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila. J Appl Microbiol. 2021;131:2600-2609. doi: 10.1111/jam.15103
Kenhove EV, Dinne K, Janssens A, Laverge J. Overview and comparison of Legionella regulations worldwide. Am J Infect Control. 2019;47(8):968–978. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.10.006.
Boss R, Baumgartner A, Kroos S, Blattner M, Fretz R, Moor D. Rapid detection of viable Legionella pneumophila in tap water by a qPCR and RT-PCR-based method. J Appl Microbiol. 2018;125(4):1216-1225. doi: 10.1111/jam.13932
Aksono EB, Farahdiba AA, Hestianah EP. Bakteri Legionella pneumophila Terdeteksi pada Air Kolam Renang di Kota Surabaya dengan Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. Jurnal Veteriner. 2017;18 (2):221–225. doi:10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.2.221.
van der Kooij D, Bakker GL, Italiaander R, Veenendaal HR, Wullings BA. Biofilm composition and threshold concentration for growth of Legionella pneumophila on surfaces exposed to flowing warm tap water without disinfectant. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017;83(5):e02737-16 Ohno A, Kato N, Yamada K, Yamaguchi K. Factors Influencing Survival of Legionella pneumophila Serotype 1 in Hot Spring Water and Tap Water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69(5):2540-2547. doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2540-2547.2003
Olivia G, Sahr T, Buchrieser C. The Life Cycle of L. pneumophila: Cellular Differentiation Is Linked to Virulence and Metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8(3):1-12. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00003
Verayani E. Identifikasi Legionella,
Kualitas Udara Ruang dan Keluhan Sick Building Syndrome Pada Petugas Instalasi Transfusi Darah RSUD Dr. Soetomo. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 2018;10(3):299–305.
Menistry of Health. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 416 Tahun 1990 Tentang : Syarat-syarat dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air. 2023. Available from: https://katigaku.top/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1.-PerMenKes4161990-SyaratPengawasan_Kualitas_Air.pdf
Copyright (c) 2023 Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease (IJTID) is a scientific peer-reviewed journal freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research. All articles published in the IJTID are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which is under the following terms:
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so reasonably, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
