Characterization of Amino Acid Mutations of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) In Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) In East Java, Indonesia
Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting the poultry industry. The NDV is classified into three strains based on their relative virulence, namely velogenic or highly virulent, mesogenic or moderately virulent, and lentogenic or lowly virulent. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary depending on many factors, such as host susceptibility and the virulence of the NDV strain. Objective: This study aims to analyze the amino acid mutations of the NDV in unvaccinated swan goose (Anser cygnoides) from various locations in Java. Methods: Samples were collected through cloacal swabs and isolated by inoculation in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) embryonated eggs that were nine days old. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests were conducted to confirm that the isolated virus was NDV. The isolated virus was processed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers that amplified partial sequences of the fusion (F) gene, which was analyzed to determine the pathotype. Results: The results indicated the presence of mutations in several regions. The amino acid changes occurred in 17 variable sites (7.2%) between RefSeq/JF950510 and ND/SW1/2018, 12 variable sites (5.1%) between RefSeq/JF950510 and ND/SW2/2018, 13 variable sites (5.5%) between RefSeq/JF950510 and ND/SW3/2018, and 19 variable sites (8.1%) between RefSeq/JF950510 and ND/SW4/2018. The amino acid sequences of the cleavage site of the fusion (F) protein revealed that all isolates had low virulence. Conclusion: The results indicated that mutations in the region outside the cleavage site not were incapable of altering the virulence of the virus.
Absalon, A.E., Cortes-Espinosa, A. V., Lucio, E., Miller, P. J., Afonso, C. L., 2019. Epidemiology, Control, and Prevention of Newcastle disease in Endemic Regions: Latin America. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51, 1033-1048.
Alam, S.A.A., 2013. Characterization of Pathogenic Mutations in Kinase Domain. [Thesis]. Institute of Biomedical Technologi. University of Tampere. Finland.
Alexander, D. J., Manvell, R. J., Banks, J., Collins, M. S., Parsons, G., Cox, B., Frost, K. M., Speidel, E. C., Ashman, S., and Aldous, E. W., 1999. Experimental Assessment of the Pathogenicity of the Newcastle Disease Viruses from Outbreaks in Great Britain in 1997 for Chickens and Turkeys and The Protection Afforded by Vaccination. Avian Pathology, 28, 501-511.
Alexander, D. J., and Senne, D.A,. 2008. Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, and Pneumovirus Infections Diseases. 12th Edition, Blackwell Publishing, 750-798.
Amarasinghe, G.K., Ayllón, M.A., Bí o, Y., Basler, C.F., Bavari, S., Blasdell, K.R., Briese, T., Brown, P.A., Bukreyev, A., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Buchholz, U.J., Chabi-Jesus, C., Chandran, K., Chiapponi, C., Crozier, I., de Swart, R.L., Dietzgen, R.G., Dolnik, O., Drexler, J.F., Dürrwald, R., Dundon, W.G., Duprex, W.P., Dye, J.M., Easton, A.J., Fooks, A.R., Formenty, P.B.H., Fouchier, R.A.M., Freitas-Astúa, J., Griffiths, A., Hewson, R., Horie, M., Hyndman, T.H., JiÄng, D., Kitajima, E.W., Kobinger, G.P., KondÅ, H., Kurath, G., Kuzmin, I. V., Lamb, R.A., Lavazza, A., Lee, B., Lelli, D., Leroy, E.M., LÇ, J., Maes, P., Marzano, S.Y.L., Moreno, A., Mühlberger, E., Netesov, S. V., Nowotny, N., Nylund, A., í˜kland, A.L., Palacios, G., Pályi, B., PawÄ™ska, J.T., Payne, S.L., Prosperi, A., Ramos-González, P.L., Rima, B.K., Rota, P., Rubbenstroth, D., ShÄ«, M., Simmonds, P., Smither, S.J., Sozzi, E., Spann, K., Stenglein, M.D., Stone, D.M., Takada, A., Tesh, R.B., Tomonaga, K., Tordo, N., Towner, J.S., van den Hoogen, B., Vasilakis, N., Wahl, V., Walker, P.J., Wang, L.F., Whitfield, A.E., Williams, J. V., Zerbini, F.M., ZhÄng, T., Zhang, Y.Z., and Kuhn, J.H., 2019. Taxonomy of The Order Mononegavirales: Update 2019. Archives of Virology, 164 (7), 1967–1980.
Aris, H., Kristiawan, D., Irianingsih, S. H., and Yudianingtyas, D. W., 2013. Amplification of Protein Coding of Tetelo Fusion Virus from Field Specimen by OneStep RT-PCR Method. Veterinary Journal, 14, 387-393.
Choi, K.S., Lee, E. K., Jeon, W. J., and Kwon, J. H., 2010. Antigenic and Immunogenic Investigation of the Virulence Motif of the Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein. Journal of Veterinary Science, 11 (3), 205–211.
Czegledi, A., Ujvari, D., Somogyi, E., Werner, O., and Lomniczi, B., 2006. Third Genome Size Category of Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus) and Evolutionary Implications. Virus Research, 120, 36-48.
Doyle, T. M., 1927. A Hitherto Unrecorded Disease of Fowls Due to A Filter-Passing Virus. Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutic, 40, 144-169.
Jenkins, G.M., Rambaut, A., Pybus, O. G., and Holmes, E. C., 2002. Rates of Molecular Evolution in RNA Viruses: A Quantitative Phylogenetic Analysis. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 54, 156 – 165.
Ji, Y., Liu, T., Du, Y., Cui, X., Yu, Q., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Li, Y., and Zhu, Q., 2018. A Novel Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Candidate Generated by Mutation in The L and F Genes Confers Improved Protection in Chicken. Veterinary Microbiology, 2016, 99-106.
Kraneveld, F.C., 1926. A Poultry Disease in the Ducth East Indies. Ned-Ind BI Diergeneesk, 38, 488-450.
Kuhn, J. H., Wolf, Y.I., Krupovic, M., Zhang, Y. Z., Maes, P., Dolja, V.V., and Koonin, E. V., 2019. Classify Viruses-the Gain is Worth the Pain. Nature, 566, 318-320.
Lauring, A., and Andino, R., 2010. Quasispecies Theory and the Behaviour of RNA Virus. PLoS Pathogen, 6, 1-8.
Meulemans, G., Van der Berg, T. P., Decaesstacker, M., and Boschmans, M., 2002. Evolution of Pigeons Newcastle Disease Virus Strains. Avian Pathology, 31, 515-519.
Miller, P. J., Haddas, L., Simanov, A., Lublin, S. F., Rahmani, A., Wajid, T., Bibi, T. A., Khan, T., Yaqub, S., Setyaningsih., and Afonso, C. L., 2015. Identification of New Sub-genotypes of Virulent Newcastle disease Virus with Potential Panzootic Features. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Disease, 29, 216-229.
OIE., 2012. Newcastle Disease. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Chapter 2.3.14. http://www.oie.int/international-standard-setting/terrestrial-manual. Accessed: 4 December 2022
OIE., 2018. OIE-Listed Disease, Infections and Infestations in Force in 2018.http:www.oie.int/animal-health-in-theworld/oie-listed-diseases-2018. [Accessed: 4 December 2022].
Putri, N., Ernawati, R., Suwarno, S., Rahmahani, J., and Rantam, F. A., 2019. Fusion Protein of Amino Acid Mutations in Newcastle Disease Isolated from Swan Goose Caused Resistance to Infection. Indian Veterinary Journal, 96 (10), 53-55.
Putri, N., Ernawati, R., Suwarno, S., Rahmahani, J., Rantam, F. A., 2020. Phylogenetic Relationship and Genotype Variation of Six Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated From Duck in Indonesia. Veterinary World, 14 (1), 276-284.
Sanjuan, R., and Domingo-Calap, P., 2016. Mechanism of viral mutation. Cellular and Molecular Life Science, 73, 4433-4448.
Samal, S., 2012. Role of Fusion Protein in Newcastle disease Virus Pathogenesis. [Disertation]. Faculty of Greduated School. University of Maryland.
Umali, D.V., Ito, H., Katoh, H., and Ito, T., 2014. Surveillance of Avian Paramyxovirus in Migratory Waterfowls in the San-in Region of Western Japan From 2006 to 2012. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76 (3), 423-430.
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
- The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science and Technology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
