The Influence of AKP Party on Turkey's State Identity during Erdogan Administration
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ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruh partai Adelete Ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) terhadap identitas negara (state identity) Turki pada tahun 2002-2018. Penelitian ini fokus kepada perubahan yang dilakukan AKP terhadap identitas negara Turki pada tahun 2002-2018. 2002 yang merupakan awal pemerintahan Turki dibawah AKP, serta dibatasi pada tahun 2018 yang merupakan batas penulis dalam meneliti dikarenakan keterbatasan waktu, mengingat AKP dan Erdogan masih memerintah sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep state identity oleh Maxym Alexandrov yang merekonseptualisasikan state identity agar lebih komprehensif. Penulis juga menggunakan teori peran (role theory) untuk melihat peran kelompok AKP dalam kebijakan luar negeri Turki. Jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, AKP berhasil membentuk state identity baru yang mendasarkan pada nilai-nilai sejarah, budaya dan sosialisasi masyarakat Turki. Namun, conservative democratic ini tidak sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan sebelumnya. AKP menggunakan strategi politik populisme, yang mana ia memiliki ruang untuk ideologi lain dalam ideologi conservative democratic, yaitu Islamisme. Hal ini terlihat dari berbagai kebijakan dalam dan luar negerinya, rezim Erdogan menjadi pemerintahan yang otoriter ke dalam, namun Islamis ke luar. Turki mencoba untuk menjadi pemimpin regional dan mengambil peran dalam komunitas negara-negara Islam. Erdogan dianggap memanfaatkan demokrasi sebagai batu loncatan untuk membentuk negara Islam.
Kata kunci: Adelete Ve Kalkinma Partisi, identitas negara, Erdogan, teori peran, Turki
This study explains the influence of Adelete Ve Kalkinma Partition (AKP) party on Turkish state identity in 2002-2018. This research focuses on the changes made by the AKP to Turkish state identity in 2002-2018. 2002 which was the beginning of the Turkish government under the AKP, and was limited to 2017 which was the author's boundary in research due to time constraints, considering that the AKP and Erdogan still governed until now. This research uses the concept of the state identity approach by Maxym Alexandrov who reconceptualizes the state identity to be more comprehensive. The authors also use role theory to see the role of the AKP group in Turkish foreign policy. This type of research is qualitative research. Based on the results of the research, the AKP succeeded in forming a new state identity based on the historical, cultural and socialization values of Turkish society. However, conservative democratic is not in accordance with what was previously expected. The AKP uses a political strategy of populism, where it has room for other ideologies in conservative democratic ideology, there is Islamism in it. This can be seen from various internal and foreign policies, Erdogan's regime became an authoritarian government inward, but Islamists came out. Turkey tries to become a regional leader and take a role in the community of Islamic countries. Erdogan is considered to use democracy as a springboard to form an Islamic state.
Keywords: Adelete Ve Kalkinma Partisi, Erdogan, role theory, state identity, Turkey
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