Nordic Economy Model: Principle for Economic Democracy
Downloads
Globalisasi dan neoliberalisasi ekonomi ditandai dengan semakin dominannya praktik ekonomi kapitalisme lintas batas negara. Pada fase ini terjadi intensifikasi proses industrialisasi sejalan dengan semakin terbukanya arus perdagangan dan investasi global. Hal ini pada kenyataanya menghasilkan dampak negatif, kecenderungan mengejar pertumbuhan dan keuntungan ekonomi mengakibatkan negara mengabaikan prinsip paling dasar dalam perekonomian yaitu kesejahteraan masyarakat. Faktanya dewasa ini distribusi kekayaan cenderung tidak berimbang yang mana kontrol ekonomi terbesar justru berada pada sebagian kecil kelompok masyarakat, sementara sebagian besar kelompok masyarakat lainnya cenderung termarjinalkan. Demokrasi ekonomi merupakan konsep alternatif terhadap perkembangan ekonomi modern. Bahwa perhatian utama adalah terciptanya kesetaraan ekonomi bagi seluruh masyarakat. Konsep ini menjadi moderasi bagi perdebatan kapitalisme dan sosialisme, bahwa keterlibatan negara harus dilakukan dalam derajat tertentu guna menanggulangi dampak negatif perkembangan kapitalisme modern. Salah satu bentuk implementasi konsepsi ini adalah model ekonomi di negara-negara Nordik. Negara-negara ini memiliki tingkat kesetaraan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi tertinggi melalui adanya sistem pengeluaran negara yang berfokus terhadap aspek sosial masyarakatnya. Salah satu wujud keberhasilan model ekonomi ini dapat dilihat di Denmark yang mana pemerintah melakukan pembiayaan terhadap seluruh kebutuhan sosial masyarakat seperti kesehatan dan pendidikan melalui sistem pajak dan pembiayaan secara kolektif.
Kata-kata Kunci: Demokrasi Ekonomi, Nordik, Denmark, Kapitalisme, Kesejahteraan
Globalization and economic neoliberalism in practice are commonly associated with thick capitalism in the domestic economy realm. In this phase, the intensification of the industrialization process took place with the increasing issuance of global trade and investment flows. This process produces a negative impact when it pursues economic growth, and economic benefits enhancement sets aside equality as the basic foundation of economic development. More than that, in the modern economy, only a small portion of the community controls the whole economic process, while most other community groups are marginalized. Economic Democracy is an alternative concept for the development of the modern economy. This concept argues that the economy should focus on the creation of economic equality for the whole community. This concept becomes a moderation for the debate between capitalism and socialism. Economic Democracy requires the state's involvement to a certain degree to overcome the negative impact of modern capitalism development. One form of implementation of this conception is the Nordik model of the economy. The Nordic countries have the highest equality and economic prosperity through a high social expenditure for their society. One form of success of this economic model is paramount in Denmark, where the government finances all community social needs such as health and education through the tax system and collective financing.
Keywords: Economic Democracy, Nordic, Denmark, Capitalism, Welfare
Buku dan Bab dalam Buku
Andersen, Torben M. et al., 2007. The Nordik Model Embracing
Globalization and Sharing Risk. Taloustieto Oy.
Malleson, Tom, 2014. After Occupy, Economic Democracy for the
st Century. Oxford University Press.
Pikety, Thomas, 2014. Capital in Twenty First Century. London:
The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Vrangbaek, Karsten, 2019. The Danish Health Care System.
International Commonwealth Fund.
Jurnal dan Jurnal Daring
Einhorn, Erick S, dan John Logue, 2004. "Can Scandinavian
Model Adapt to Globalization?”, dalam Scandinnavian
Studies. Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 504-534.
O'Neill, Martin, 2009. "Liberty, Equality and Property"Owning
Democracy”, dalam Journal of Social Philosophy, Vol. 40
no. 3, pp. 379–396.
Artikel Daring
Dorfman, Jeffrey, 2018. Nordik Countries are not Socialist
[daring]. dalam https://www.forbes.com/sites/
jeffreydorfman/2018/07/08/sorry-bernie-bros-but- Nordik-countries-are-not-socialist/#3360d6c974ad [diakses 16 Oktober 2019].
Denmark.dk, 2018, The Danish Labour Market [daring]. dalam
https://denmark.dk/society-and-business/the-danishlabour-market [diakses Pada 16 Oktober 2019].
European Commission, 2019. Country Report Denmark 2019
[pdf]. dalam https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/
file_import/2019-european-semester-country-
reportdenmark_en.pdf [diakses pada 20 oktober 2019].
Heritage Foundation, 2019. Denmark Index of Economic Freedom
[daring]. dalam https://www.heritage.org/index/
country/denmark [diakses Pada 17 Oktober 2019].
Iqbal, Razi dan Padma Todi, 2015. The Nordik Model:
Existence Emergence and Sustainability [pdf]. dalam
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S2212567115013015 [diakses pada 19 oktober 2019].
Lykketoft, Mogens, 2009. The Danish Model [pdf]. dalam http://
library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/06899.pdf [diakses pada
oktober 2019].
Matthews, Dylan, 2019. Are 26 Billionaires Worth More than
Half of the Planet [daring]. dalam https://www.vox.com/
future-perfect/2019/1/22/18192774/oxfam-inequalityreport-2019-davos-wealth [diakses Pada 15 Oktober
.
OECD, 2019. OECD Economic Survey 2019: Denmark [pdf]. dalam
http://www.oecd.org/economy/denmark-economicsnapshot/ [diakses pada 16 Oktober 2019].
OECD Data, 2019. Social Spending [daring]. dalam https://data.
oecd.org/socialexp/social-spending.htm [diakses Pada
Oktober 2019]
OECD Data, 2019. Public Spending on Education [daring]. dalam
https://data.oecd.org/eduresource/public-spending-oneducation.htm#indicator-chart [diakses pada 17 Oktober 2019].
Skat.dk, 2018. Tax Rates in Denmark [daring]. dalam https://
s k a t . d k / s k a t . a s p x ? o i d = 2 0 3 5 5 6 8 & n e x t = 2 0 1 6
&lang=US&tab=3 [diakses pada 17 Oktober 2019].
Skat.dk, 2018. Taxation in Denmark [daring]. dalam https://
www.skat.dk/SKAT.aspx?oId =2244281&vId=0 [diakses
pada 17 Oktober 2019].
Trading Economics, 2018. Tarif Pajak Individu Denmark
[daring]. dalam https://id.tradingeconomics.com/
denmark/personal-income-tax-rate [diakses pada 17
Oktober 2019].
Trading Economics, 2019. Denmark GDP Per Capita [daring].
dalam https://tradingeconomics.com/denmark/gdpper-capita [diakses pada 17 Oktober 2019].
World Integrated Trade Solution, 2017. Denmark Trade
Summary [daring]. dalam https://wits.worldbank.org/
CountryProfile/en/Country/DNK/Year/LTST/Summary
[diakses pada 16 Oktober 2019].
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Authors are unable to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work
- Authors are not permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The Copyright Holder of the articles is Global Strategis