Anti-ISIS Foreign Fighters in Syria: A Conceptual Review
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Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan orang-orang sipil yang datang ke Suriah dalam melawan ISIS yang dapat dianggap sebagai foreign fighters. Konsep yang digunakan adalah pengertian dan karakteristik foreign fighters yang dikemukakan oleh beberapa penstudi. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan teknik analisis coding. Temuan dalam artikel ini berasal dari beberapa pengertian dan karakteristik foreign fighters yang mana menunjukkan bahwa kelompok dalam pembahasan ini memenuhi aspek sebagai foreign fighters, seperti bergabung dalam kelompok pemberontak, berasal dari luar Suriah, tidak memiliki unit militer resmi, menerima dan memberikan pelatihan, tidak didukung oleh negara asal, bertindak secara sukarela, menggunakan tindakan kekerasan, dan mempertahankan komunitas transnasional. Akan tetapi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa poin pengertian dan karakteristik konsep foreign fighters yang bertolak belakang dari fenomena ini, seperti foreign fighters anti-ISIS yang memiliki hubungan kedekatan dengan kelompok pemberontak, mendapatkan pendanaan, dan juga melakukan tindakan non-kekerasan dalam melawan ISIS.
Kata-kata kunci: ISIS; Foreign Fighters Anti-ISIS; Konseptual; Suriah
This article aims to describe civilians who came to Syria to fight ISIS as foreign fighters. The concept used is the definition and characteristics of foreign fighters put forward by several scholars. This article uses qualitative research methods based on coding analysis techniques. The findings in this article derived from several definitions and characteristics of foreign fighters of which shows that the subject in this discussion fulfill aspects as foreign fighters, such as joining a rebel group, coming from outside of Syria, do not have an official military unit, receives and provides training, are not supported by their country of origin, act voluntarily, use violence, and defend transnational communities. However, it can be concluded that several points of definitions and characteristics of the foreign fighters concept contradict with this phenomenon, such as anti-ISIS foreign fighters having close relationships with rebel groups, obtaining funding, and also taking non-violent actions against ISIS.
Keywords: ISIS; Anti-ISIS Foreign Fighters; Conceptual; Syria
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