Efek ekstrak buah delima (Punica Granatum L) terhadap ekspresi wild p53 pada sel ganas rongga mulut mencit strain swiss webster

Punica Granatum L (PGL) ellagic acid malignant cells wild p53 sel ganas

Authors

  • Sri Hernawati
    srihernawati.drg5@yahoo.com
    Department of Oral Disease, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jember, Indonesia
  • Fedik Abdul Rantam Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
  • I Ketut Sudiana Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Indonesia
  • Retno Pudji Rahayu Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Indonesia
September 1, 2013

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Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in the oral cavity. DNA tests showed that almost 90% of cases revealed wild p53 gene mutations. Wild p53 gene mutations cause p53 inactivation so the cell cycle does not stop in G1 phase but continues to S phase and G2 and M, it makes the mutated DNA remains multiplied and apoptosis does not occur. One candidate of the cancer treatment alternatives is pomegranate extract (Punica granatum L – PGL). Purpose: The purpose of study was to examine the effect of PGL on wild p53 expression in oral cavity malignant cell of swiss webster strain mice. Methods: Thirty- two swiss webster strain mice (Balb/c) 5 months old were randomly divided into four groups. Two control groups (K0: no benzopirene exposed and untreated; K1: benzopirene exposed and untreated); and 2 treatment groups (P1: benzopirene exposed and given EA; P2: benzopirene exposed and given PGL extract). The expression of wild p53 was determined by immunohistochemical techniques. Results: The results showed that administration of PGL could increase the expression of wild p53 in malignant epithelial cells in the oral mucosa of mice, and the expression was higher than EA. Conclusion: This study suggested that the PGL extract could express wild p53 in the oral cavity malignant cells of swiss Webster strains mice.

Latar belakang: Karsinoma sel skuamosa merupakan kanker yang sering terjadi pada rongga mulut. Pemeriksaan DNA menunjukkan hampir 90% kasus dijumpai adanya mutasi gen wild p53. Mutasi gen wild p53 menyebabkan inaktivasi wild p53 sehingga siklus sel tidak berhenti pada fase G1 tetapi berlanjut ke fase S dan G2 dan M, sehingga DNA yang mengalami mutasi tetap dilipatgandakan dan apoptosis tidak terjadi. Salah satu kandidat obat kanker adalah ekstrak buah delima (Punica Granatum L - PGL). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek ekstrak PGL terhadap ekspresi wild p53 pada sel ganas rongga mulut mencit strain swiss webster. Metode: Tiga puluh dua ekor mencit (Balb/c) strain swiss webster jantan berumur 5 bulan dibagi secara random menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu 2 kelompok kontrol (K0: tidak dipapar benzopirene dan tidak diberi perlakuan; K1: dipapar benzopirene dan tidak diberi perlakuan); serta 2 kelompok perlakuan (P1: dipapar benzopirene dan diberi EA; P2: dipapar benzopirene dan diberi ekstrak PGL). Pemeriksaan ekspresi wild p53 dilakukan dengan teknik  imunohistokimia. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak PGL dapat meningkatkan ekspresi wild p53 pada sel epitel ganas pada mukosa rongga mulut mencit, dan lebih tinggi dibanding dengan pemberian EA. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak PGL dapat meningkatkan ekspresi wild p53 pada sel ganas rongga mulut mencit strain swiss webster