Hematological and Serum Chemistry of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis in Diverse Breeds of Dogs
Downloads
Canine Parvovirus enteritis (CPV-2) is a highly infectious viral disease occurring in puppies resulting in high mortality with a myriad of clinical signs, hematological and biochemical changes during the progression of the disease. This study investigated hematological and biochemical changes in 30 CPV-positive dogs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Severe non-regenerative anemia (35.71%) and leukopenia (22 cases) were prevalent. Thrombocytopenia was severe in 73.33% of cases. Further analysis revealed normocytic hypochromic anemia in 42.86%, microcytic hypochromic anemia in 28.57%, and leukopenia categorized as mild (5), moderate (12), or severe (5). Biochemical changes included hyperproteinemia (26.7%), hyperalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and elevated liver enzymes in some cases. Renal dysfunction was evident in 16.7% of dogs with elevated creatinine. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between infected and healthy dogs. These findings underscore the critical impact of CPV on hematological and biochemical profiles, necessitating supportive care and emphasizing the crucial role of vaccination in disease prevention.
Akanbi, O. B., Kolawole, A. R., Olaifa, O. S., Fagbohun, O., Aliyu, V., Daodu, O. B., Ekong, P. S., Olopade, J. O., & Taiwo, V. O. 2024. Clinical Signs and Laboratory Markers competes favorably with Antigen detection of canine parvovirus-2 in dogs. Med. Kedokteran Hewan (MKH), in press.
Andrea, V. D., Lara, G. S., Valéria, M. S., Juliana, C. S., & Aline, C. M. 2017. Hematological and serum biochemistry changes in dogs with canine parvovirus type 2 infection. Pesq. Vet. Bras., 37(11), 1083-1088.
Castro, A. C., Oliveira, F. C., Pereira, M. A., Lopez, M. G., & Junior, W. R. 2013. Hematological and biochemical alterations in dogs with canine parvovirus infection. Pesq. Vet. Bras., 33(10), 1089-1094.
Chinchkar, S. S., Parrish, C. R., Spibey, K. D., & Murphy, F. M. 2006. Canine parvovirus—an update. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 20(6), 1497-1508.
Cho, H. Y., Jeong, W. S., Jeong, Y. H., Park, C. K., & Park, B. K. 2004. Detection of canine parvovirus type 2 in feces of asymptomatic dogs in a boarding kennel. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 66(11), 1421-1424.
Colville, T. 2002. Clinical chemistry techniques. David Bull Publishing Ltd.
Dash, B. K., Thathey, A. S., & Malik, J. V. 2017. Hematological and serum biochemical alterations in canine parvoviral enteritis complicated with bacterial septicemia. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 5(2), 502-505.
Decaro, N., Melillo, G., & Buonavoglia, C. 2005. Thrombocytopenia in canine parvoviral enteritis. J. Small Anim. Pract., 46(10), 473-476.
Decaro, N., Melillo, G., & Buonavoglia, C. 2006. Anemia in canine parvoviral enteritis. J. Small Anim. Pract., 47(12), 737-741.
Decaro, N., Melillo, G., & Buonavoglia, C. 2008. Hematological abnormalities in canine parvoviral enteritis. J. Small Anim. Pract., 49(10), 516-520.
Ender Dinçer, S., Baskan, T. E., Ozdemir, V., Dalgic, A. C., Tufan, T., & Ocal, N. 2020. Comparative analysis of clinical findings in canine distemper and canine parvoviral enteritis in dogs. Veterinární Med., 65(1), 1-9.
Fiorello, C. V., De Souza, W. M., Cavalli, J. O. C., Mattiello, S., & Richtzenhain, L. J. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus type 2c isolates from Brazil reveals genetic heterogeneity within this new variant. Virus Res., 119(2), 189-194.
Horecka, K., Everts, R. E., & Hofmann-Lehmann, R. 2020. Canine parvovirus: Pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, model systems, and diagnostic assays. Viruses, 12(3), 288.
Li, Y., Zhang, J., Zheng, Y., Yao, J., & Jiang, Y. 2011. Detection of canine parvovirus type 2a in the myocardium of a dog with acute hemorrhagic enteritis. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 23(6), 1082-1085.
Linda, A., Ndiana, G., Desario, C., Odigie, A., Madubuike, K. G., Lucente, M. S., Ezeifeka, C. A., Patruno, G., Lorusso, E., Elia, G., Buonavoglia, C., & Decaro, N. 2023. Detection of selected canine viruses in Nigerian free-ranging dogs traded for meat consumption. Animals, 13(6), 1119. doi: 10.3390/ani13061119
Lubran, M. 1978. The use of biuret reagent for the determination of protein. Clin. Chim. Acta, 86(1), 283-284.
Mithilesh, S., Singh, J., & Singh, S. V. 2023. Hematological and biochemical alterations in dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus type 2. J. Anim. Res., 13(2), 301-306.
Mylonakis, M. E., Theodorou, K., Addie, D. D., & Bourdeau, P. 2016. Canine parvovirus enteritis: Recent developments in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 30(2), 380-390.
Ogbu, C. O., Ezenwaka, I. E., Njoku, C. I., & Okoli, I. C. 2022. Hematological and biochemical changes associated with canine parvovirus infection in dogs in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Vet. World, 15(11), 3324-3329.
Ogbu, C. O., Ezenwaka, I. E., Njoku, C. I., & Okoli, I. C. 2023. Assessment of clinical management of canine parvoviral enteritis in South East, Nigeria. J. Sustain. Vet. Allied Sci., 62-66. https://doi.org/10.54328/covm.josvas.2022.055
Parrish, C. R., & Kawaoka, Y. 2010. Canine parvovirus. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 339, 45-66.
Ukwueze, C., Boniface, A., Romanus, E., & Nwosuh, C. 2019. Prevalence of canine parvovirus infection in South Eastern region, Nigeria. Bangl. J. Vet. Med., 6(2). doi: 10.33109/bjvmjd04
Vandevelde, M., & Zurbriggen, A. 2005. Demyelination in canine distemper and human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: A comparative study of axonal changes. Acta Neuropathol., 109(1), 56-62.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa, Aderonke Rachel Kolawole , Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi, Christiana Ibironke Odita, Victor Taiwo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Veterinary Medicine Journal by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The Journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The Journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
11.jpg)
11.png)
