The role of principal transformational leadership based on Lonto Leok culture Manggarai community for strengthening student character
Downloads
The role of the principal is crucial to optimize the implementation of the student character strengthening program. Unfortunately, the role of the principal is experiencing obstacles because he has not found the appropriate form of role and approach to make the student character strengthening program effective. This study examines the principal's transformational leadership role based on a local cultural system. A qualitative approach is used in this study, the case study design with the subjects studied were school principals. Participants in this study include three principals, three senior teachers, one parent, and one cultural figure. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies to achieve the research objectives. Data analysis employed a modified analytical analysis method. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was based on the level of credibility, transferability, dependence, and confirmability. The study results prove that the principal's transformational leadership role with a local cultural approach has a positive impact on the optimization of character strengthening programs and positive changes in students' moral behavior. The study concludes that the transformational leadership role of local culture-based principals impacts optimizing student character strengthening programs.
Ardiawan IKN (2018) Ethno pedagogy and local genius: An ethnographic study. SHS Web of Conferences 42: 00065. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200065.
Bass BM (1997) Does the transactional–transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychologist 52 (2):130-139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003066X.52.2.130.
Bosworth K, Ford L, & Hernandez D (2011) School climate factors contributing to student and faculty perceptions of safety in select Arizona schools. Journal of School Health 81 (4):194-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00579.x.
Creswell JW (2012) Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Den Hartog ND, Hangees P, Dorfman WP, & Ruiz-Quintanilla AS (1999) Culture-specific and crossculturally generalizable implicit leadership theories: Are attributes of charismatic/transformational leadership universally endorsed? Leadership Quarterly 10 (2): 219-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00018-1.
Effendi YR, Bafadal I, Sudana IND, & Arifin I (2020) The principal transformational leadership strategy in developing national policies for strengthening character education in eastern Indonesia. Italian Journal of Sociology of Education 12 (2):51-78. https://doi.org/10.14658/pupjijse-2020-2-3.
Effendi YR, Bafadal I, Sudana IND, & Arifin I (2020) The principal's transformational leadership approach based on local wisdom in strengthening the character of students. Malaysian Online Journal Of Educational Management (MOJEM) 8 (4):24-42. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3718268.
Groves KS & LaRocca MA (2011) An empirical study of leader ethical values, transformational and transactional leadership, and follower attitudes toward corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 103 (4):511-528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0877-y.
Hofstede G (1993) Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive. 7: 81-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ame.1993.9409142061.
Hofstede G (1984) Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Hofstede G (2001) Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. (2nd ed) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
House RJ, Hanges PJ, Ruiz-Quintanilla SA, Dorfman PW, Javidan M, Dickson M, & Gupta V (1999) Cultural Influences on Leadership and Organizations: Project GLOBE. Greenwich, CT Advances in Global Leadership: JAI Press. 1. 71-234.
Irawanto DW, Ramsey PL, & Ryan JC (2011) Challenge of leading in Javanese culture. Asian Ethnicity 12 (2):125-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2011.571829.
Kleden I (1987) Sikap Ilmiah dan Kritik Budaya. Jakarta : LP3ES.
Kocoska J (2009) The student's position in the democratic classroom. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 1 (1):2429-2431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.427.
Koesoema DA (2017) Strategi Pendidikan Karakter, Revolusi Mental di Lembaga Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Ladson"Billings G (1992) Reading between the lines and beyond the pages a culturally relevant approach to literacy teaching. Theory Into Practice 31 (4):312-320.
Leithwood K & Jantzi D (1999) Transformational school leadership effects: A replication. School Effectiveness, and School Improvement 10 (4):451-479.
Leithwood K & Jantzi D (2006) Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 17 (2):201-227.
Lickona T, Schaps E, & Lewis C (2002) Eleven principles of effective character education. Special Topics, General. 50.
Lickona T (2012) Education for Character: Educating for Character Building. Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.
MacNeil AJ, Prater DL, & Busch S (2009) The effect of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education 12 (1):73-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120701576241.
Maisaro A, Wiyono BB, & Arifin I (2018) Manajemen program penguatan pendidikan karakter di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan 1 (3):302-312. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v1i32018p302.
Miles MB, Huberman AM, & Saldaña J (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook, (Third edition). Arizona State University: SAGE Publications.
Ministry of Education and Culture (2017) Modul Pelatihan Kepala Sekolah untuk Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter. Jakarta: Tim Sekretariat.
Musana A (2011) Local wisdom rationality and actuality as a character education base. Journal of Education and Culture 17 (6):588-598.
Obanya P (2005) Culture in education and education in culture. Fifth Conference of African Ministers of Culture, 10-14 December 2005 Nairobi, Kenya. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Fifth Conference of African Ministers of Culture. 1-12.
Piccolo RF & Jason AC (2006) Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal 49 (2):327-340. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20786079.
Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie BS, Moorman RH, & Fetter R (1990) Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly 1 (2):107-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7.
Power FC & Higgins-D'Alessandro A (2008) The Just Community Approach to Moral Education and the Moral Atmosphere of the School. In: Nucci LP & Narvaez D (ed). Handbook of Moral and Character Education. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 230-247.
Spreitzer GM, Perttula K, Hopkins, & Katherine X (2005) Traditionality matters: an Examination of the effectiveness of transformational leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior 26 (3): 205-227. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.315.
Surya IBK, Thoyib A, Fatchan A, & Rahayu M (2014) Tri Hita Karana Culture effect on company performance, leadership and organizational commitment (Studies a regional water company in Bali Province). International Journal of Business and Management Invention 3 (6):13-22.
Sutam I (2014) Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Budaya Manggarai. Ruteng: STKIP St. Paulus Ruteng.
Tapung M, Maryani E, Lon Y, Payong M, & Supriatna N (2018) Developing the value of "Lonto Leok" in Manggarai Culture to empower the skills of social problem-solving in social-sciences learning of junior-high school. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH 2018). SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved - Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era. 316-320.
UNESCO (2012) Education of Sustainable Development. Sourcebook. France: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
Valentine J & Prater M (2011) Instructional, transformational, and managerial leadership and student achievement: High school principals make a difference. NASSP Bulletin 95 (1):5-30. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192636511404062.
Verheijen (1967) Kamus Manggarai II: Indonesia-Manggarai. Ende: Percetakan Arnoldus.
Wibowo A (2015) Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Yaumi M (2014) Character Education: Platforms, Pillars & Implementation. Jakarta: Predanamedia Group.
Yin RK (2017) Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. London: Sage publications.
Yunus R (2014) Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal (Local Genius) Sebagai Penguat Karakter Nasional: Studi Empiris Tentang Huyula. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Copyright (c) 2022 Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of this journal is possession of Editorial Board and Journal Manager, by the knowledge of the author, while the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
The formal legal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA), implies that publication can be used for non-commercial purposes in its original form (cannot be modified).
Every publication (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, and library. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
