What If It Was You (#WIIWY) digital activism on TikTok to fight gender-based violence online and cyberbullying
Downloads
FISIP 21 created #WIIWY activism in response to the increase in cases of online gender-based violence (KBGO) and cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic. To be able to participate in activism, the public can upload content on the social media TikTok. The #WIIWY movement is gaining traction among the general public. This study explored the motivations of #WIIWY digital activism makers, obtained information about the dissemination of #WIIWY digital activism on TikTok, and the role of TikTok in the process of making digital activism media. This study uses a virtual ethnographic method to explain the cultural behavior of digital activism that is used by users on TikTok. The results of this study indicate that there are several individual motivations involved in #WIIWY activism, namely the suitability with feelings, want to spread awareness about cyberbullying and KBGO, voice the experiences as victims of crime on social media and create a safer and more positive social media environment. The spread of this activism is quite high but its virality is limited at the beginning and is not evenly distributed throughout Indonesia. This study concludes that TikTok plays a role in the media-making process of producing and disseminating #WIIWY activism.
ABC News (2020) Video activism finds a new place: TikTok. [Accessed 25 November 2021]. https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/video/activism-finds-place-tiktok-71935988.
Achmad ZA (2016) Teenagers are subjected to cyber bullying in social media Ask.fm. In: ICoCSPA, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Airlangga. 435-441.
Achmad ZA & Ida R (2018) Etnografi virtual sebagai teknik pengumpulan data dan metode penelitian. The Journal of Society & Media 2 (2):130-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v2n2.p130-145.
Achmad ZA, Juwito J, Candrasari Y, & Ashfaq A (2021) Advantages of implementing mediamorphosis in supporting Using-ethnic programs at Radio Sritanjung FM Banyuwangi. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 34 (2):133-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.133-146.
Alfirdaus LK & Sitowin P (2021) Media sosial dan gerakan sosial studi kasus: Penggunaan instagram dalam penolakan pendirian pabrik semen di Kabupaten Rembang. Ournal of Politic and Government Studies 8 (3):271-280. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpgs/article/view/24079.
Alifiarry MA & Kusumasari B (2021) The application of social movement as a form of digital advocacy: Case of #TolakRUUPermusikan. Journal of Government and Civil Society 5 (1):1-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v5i1.2991.
Anderson M, Toor S, Rainie L, & Smith A (2018) Public attitudes toward political engagement on social media. Washington, DC. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/07/11/public-attitudes-tow ard-political-engagement-on-social-media/.
Andrian AD, Luik JE, & Tjahjo JDW (2021) Motif masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan aplikasi Tiktok selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal E-Komunikasi 9 (1):1-12. http://publication.petra.ac.id/index.php/ilmu-komunikasi/article/viewFile/11410/10023.
Annisa R, Sciences P, & Province WJ (2021) Digital feminist activism: Analyzing Jakarta feminist as a collective identity, resources, network, information dissemination, and mobilization. Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika 16 (2):175-186. https://doi.org/10.20473/jsd.v16i2.2021.175-186.
Ariansyah K, Anandhita VH, & Sari D (2019) Investigating the next level digital divide in Indonesia. In: 2019 4th Technology Innovation Management and Engineering Science International Conference (TIMES-iCON). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIMES-ICON47539.2019.9024668.
Ayu SM (2016) Penggunaan petisi online change.org dalam penyebaran isu dan melawan diskriminasi sosial di Indonesia Stefani. In: Jurnal Universitas Terbuka. Tangerang: Seminar Nasional FISIP Universitas Terbuka 2016. 521-536.
Borissova B (2019) How TikTok is becoming our go-to app for political activism. Screenshot, 10 December. [Accessed 8 October 2021]. https://screenshot-media.com/visual-cultures/influencers/tiktok-political-activism-gen-z/.
Carty V (2015) Social Movements and New Technology. New York: Avalon Publishing.
Claresta H & Tamburian D (2021) Self-disclosure of adolescent girls on TikTok social media. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021), 570(Icebsh). 800-806. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.126.
Darwin H (2017) Doing gender beyond the binary: A virtual ethnography. Symbolic Interaction 40 (3):317-334. https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.316.
Eren-Erdoğmuş I & Ergun S (2017) The impact of social media on social movements: The case of anticonsumption. In: Online Communities as Agents of Change and Social Movements. Pennsylvania: IGI Global. 224-252. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2495-3.ch009.
Fahira T, Februadi AC, & Amalia FA (2021) Proyek perancangan konten video TikTok sebagai upaya meningkatkan kesadaran merek Vendorin Indonesia. In: Prosiding The 12th Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar Bandung, 4-5 Agustus 2021. Bandung: Relawan Jurnal Indonesia. 1115–1120.
Fuchs C (2018) Internet dan Perjuangan Kelas. In: Buruh, Feminisme, Media Digital, dan Demokrasi: Sebuah Kumpulan Wawancara. Jakarta: IndoPROGRESS. 33-42.
Fuchs C & Sandoval M (ed) (2013) Introduction Critique, Social Media and The Information Society in the Age of Capitalist Crisis. In: Critique, Social Media and the Information Society. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203764077.
Gilbert E (2021) The role of social media in protests: Mobilising or polarising? 89initiative, 6 April. [Accessed 7 October 2021]. https://89initiative.com/the-role-of-social-media-in-protestsmobilising-or-polarising/.
Griffin E, Ledbetter A, & Sparks G (2019) A First Look at Communication Theory (10th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Grossberg L, Wartella E, Whitney DC, & Wise JM (2006) Mediamaking: Mass Media in a Popular Culture (2nd ed). London: Sage Publication.
Haloho RAT (2021) Pengaruh digital activism terhadap perilaku cyberbullying (Studi kasus #UnfollowDayana pada remaja RW. 006 Desa Bambe Gresik). Thesis, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Surabaya. http://repository.untag-sby.ac.id/10104/.
Hasiholan TP, Pratami R, & Wahid U (2020) Pemanfaatan media sosial TikTok sebagai media kampanye gerakan cuci tangan di Indonesia untuk mencegah COVID-19. Communiverse: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 5 (2):70-80. https://doi.org/10.36341/cmv.v5i2.1278.
Hautea S, Parks P, Takahashi B, & Zeng J (2021) Showing they care (or don't): Affective publics and ambivalent climate activism on TikTok. Social Media + Society 7 (2):205630512110123. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211012344.
Herrman J (2020) TikTok is shaping politics. But how? Nytimes, 28 June. [Accessed 8 October 2021] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/28/style/tiktok-teen-politics-gen-z.html.
Hersinta & Sofia A (2020) Social media, youth and environmental low-risk activism: A case study of Savesharks Indonesia Campaign on Twitter. Aspiration Journal 1 (2):113-134. https://aspiration.id/index.php/asp/article/download/11/30.
Hinduja S & Patchin JW (2020) Cyberbullying: Identification, prevention, and respons. National Professional Resources Inc./Dude Publishing. [Accessed 5 May 2022].
Hine C (2000) Virtual Ethnography. New York: Sage Publication.
Hosie K (2020) More than just Tok: Gen Z's activism on TikTok is outperforming the performative. [Accessed 8 October 2021]. https://www.reach3insights.com/blog/tiktok-social-activism.
Ishihara YYU & Oktavianti R (2021) Personal branding influencer di media sosial TikTok. Koneksi 5 (1):76-82. https://doi.org/10.24912/kn.v5i1.10162.
Jarvis J (2021) TikTok's next big Gen Z trend might be viral protests. Newsweek, 28 July. [Accessed 8 October 2021]. https://www.newsweek.com/tiktok-trend-protest-1596785.
Kaseljo M (2020) The Future is TikTok. Harvard Political Review, 7 October. [Accessed 8 October 2021]. https://harvardpolitics.com/the-future-is-tiktok/.
Kholilurrohman M, Wijayanto, & Ardianto HT (2021) Menuju aktivisme digital (Agenda setting media informasi Kota Semarang dalam mengadvokasi kasus kekerasan terhadap pekerja rumah tangga). Journal of Politic and Government Studies 10 (3):88-102. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpgs/article/view/31106.
Klug D, Qin Y, Evans M, & Kaufman G (2021) Trick and please. A mixed-method study on user assumptions about the TikTok algorithm. In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. Association for Computing Machinery. 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1145/3447535.3462512.
Komnas Perempuan (2021) Perempuan dalam himpitan pandemi: Lonjakan kekerasan seksual, kekerasan siber, perkawinan anak, dan keterbatasan penanganan di tengah COVID-19. Jakarta.
Kusuma E & Arum NS (2020) Memahami dan menyikapi kekerasan berbasis gender online: sebuah panduan. Safenet: Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network. [Accessed 25 May 2022]. https://id.safenet.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Panduan-KBGO-v2.pdf.
Lasut BA, Santosa HP, & Hasfi N (2021) Aktivisme digital fandom ARMY Indonesia dalam menanggapi isu RUU Cipta Kerja (Omnibus Law) di Twitter. Interaksi Online 9 (4):84-95. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/interaksi-online/article/view/31894.
Le Compte D & Klug D (2021) ‘It's Viral!'-A study of the behaviors, practices, and motivations of TikTok social activists. In: CSCW ‘21: Companion Publication of the 2021 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. Computer Supported Cooperative Work '21 Companion. 108-111. https://doi.org/10.1145/3462204.3481741.
Lim M (2006) Cyber-urban activism and political change in Indonesia. Eastbound 1 (1):1-21.
Lim M (2017) Klik yang tak memantik: Aktivisme media sosial di Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia 3 (1):35-49. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v3i1.7846.
Lynch M (2011) After Egypt: The limits and promise of online challenges to the authoritarian Arab state. Perspectives on Politics 9 (2). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592711000910.
Macready H (2022) A simple TikTok engagement calculator (+5 tips to increase engagement). [Accessed 9 April 2022]. https://blog.hootsuite.com/tiktok-engagement/.
Madison N & Klang M (2020) The case for digital activism: Refuting the fallacies of slacktivism. Journal of Digital Social Research 2 (2):28-47.
Maryani E, Janitra PA, & Ratmita RA (2021) @Indonesiatanpafeminis.id as a challenge of feminist movement in virtual space. Frontiers in Sociology 6 (7):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.668840.
McNutt JG (2018) Advocacy, Social Change, and Activism: Perspectives on Traditional and Electronic Practice in a Digital World. In: McNutt JG (ed). Technology, Activism, and Social Justice in a Digital Age. Canada: Oxford University Press. 9-21.
Ningrum KK & Roostika R (2021) The influence of social media marketing activities on consumer engagement and brand knowledge in the culinary business in Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science 10 (5):34-45. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1314.
Nofrima S, Nurmandi A, Dewi DK, & Salahudin S (2020) Cyber-activism on the dissemination of #Gejayanmemanggil: Yogyakarta's student movement. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) 4 (1):103-116. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i1.2091.
Nurhayati-Wolff H (2021) Number of social network users Indonesia 2017-2026 Published by Hanadian Nurhayati-Wolff, Aug 16, 2021 It is estimated that the number of social media users in Indonesia will reach around 237 million by 2026, up from about 181 milion in 2020. As of July 2. [Accessed 8 October 2021]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/247938/number-of-social-network-users-inindonesia/.
Oktaviana M, Achmad ZA, Arviani H, & Kusnarto K (2021) Budaya komunikasi virtual di Twitter dan Tiktok: Perluasan makna kata estetik. Satwika: Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial 5 (2):173-186.
Perreault MC & Mosconi E (2018) Social media engagement: Content strategy and metrics research opportunities. In: 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 51: 3568-3577. Hilton Waikoloa Village: AIS Electronic Library. https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2018.451.
Pinariya JM, Yulianti W, Mitha J, & Larasaty PN (2020) Create successful content media as crisis mitigation in tourism industry during COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 5 (2):254-261. https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v5i2.474.
Pusat Penguatan Karakter (2021) #WIWWY. [Accessed 6 October 2021]. https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSeRqd22B/.
Radsch CC (2016) Cyberactivism and Citizen Journalism in Egypt. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48069-9.
Rahmawan D, Maryani E, & Preciosa AJ (2018) Men's involvement on promoting gender equality: case study of campaign by ‘laki-laki peduli' in Indonesia. In: E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 73). Semarang: The 3rd International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187311014.
Ratnasari E, Sumartias S, & Romli O (2021) Social media, digital activism, and online gender-based violence in Indonesia. Nyimak Journal of Communication 5 (1):97-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v5i1.3218.
Rogers N (2020) TikTok and era of digital activism. [Accessed 8 October 2021]. http://advocate.jbu.edu/2020/09/02/tiktok-and-the-era-of-digital-activism/.
Sanjaya AR (2017) Wacana lingkungan dalam gerakan sosial digital discourse of environment in digital social movement. Jurnal IPTEK-KOM (Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Komunikasi) 19 (2):133-148. https://doi.org/10.33164/iptekkom.19.2.2017.133-148.
Saputri EA (2020) Gerakan sosial Women's March Jakarta dalam melakukan konstruksi atas anti kekerasan seksual pada perempuan di Indonesia. Thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta. http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/86185.
Safitri AA, Rahmadhany A, & Irwansyah I (2021) Penerapan teori penetrasi sosial pada media sosial: Pengaruh pengungkapan jati diri melalui TikTok terhadap penilaian sosial. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis 3 (1):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/jteksis.v3i1.180.
Schellewald A (2021) Communicative forms on TikTok: Perspectives from digital ethnography. International Journal of Communication 15: 1437-1457. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/16414.
Schreiner M, Fischer T, & Riedl R (2021) Impact of content characteristics and emotion on behavioral engagement in social media: Literature review and research agenda. Electronic Commerce Research 21 (2):329-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-019-09353-8.
Singh A, Kim D, & Yang A (2020) How young TikTok users are making t.heir activism go viral. [Accessed 24 November 2021]. https://abcnews.go.com/US/young-tiktok-users-making-activismviral/story?id=71950082.
Suryani I, Zulfikri A, & Muhariani W (2021) Aplikasi TikTok sebagai media kampanye untuk pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 8 (1):93-101. https://doi.org/10.31294/kom.v8i1.10542.
Suwana F (2020) What motivates digital activism? The case of the Save KPK movement in Indonesia. Information Communication and Society 23 (9):153-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1563205.
Suwana F (2021) Digital Activism in Bali: The ForBALI Movement. In: Vandenberg A & Zuryani N (ed). Security, Democracy, and Society in Bali. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. 253-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5848-1_11.
Swastika GLD (2019) Mediatisasi #Stopfoodwaste: Studi kasus pada garda pangan. AKRAB: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 3 (2):413-435.
Ulfa GS & Fatchiya A (2017) Efektivitas Instagram "Earth hour Bogor” sebagai media kampanye lingkungan. Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan 16 (1):144-157.
UNICEF (2020) Children at increased risk of harm online during global COVID-19 pandemic. [Accessed 7 October 2021]. https://www.unicef.org/southafrica/press-releases/children-increased-risk-harmonline-during-global-COVID-19-pandemic-unicef.
UNICEF Indonesia (2020) Apa itu cyberbullying dan bagaimana menghentikannya? [Accessed 25 May 2022]. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/child-protection/apa-itu-cyberbullying.
Vegh S (2013) Classifying forms of online activism the case of cyberprotests against the World Bank. In: Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge. 71-95.
Waling A (2019) Problematising ‘Toxic' and ‘Healthy' masculinity for addressing gender inequalities. Australian Feminist Studies 34 (101):362-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2019.1679021.
Wijaya SW & Nurmalia (2018) Investigating user experience with digital ethnography approach: Principles and guidelines. In: Smart Technology for Better Society. Bali: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 540-544. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2018.8534880.
Yang Y (2020) Understanding young adults' TikTok usage ----- real people, creative videos that makes your day. Thesis, University of California San Diego. https://communication.ucsd.edu/_files/undergrad/yang-yuxin-understanding-young-adults-tiktok-usage.pdf.
Ye L & Yang H (2020) From digital divide to social inclusion: A tale of mobile platform empowerment in rural areas. Sustainability 12 (6):2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12062424.
Zhao XA & Abidin C (2021) Tiktok's ‘fox eye' trend and everyday activism: Gen Z agency in an audiovisual narrative case study. In: #AoIR2020: AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.5210/spir.v2021i0.12267.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of this journal is possession of Editorial Board and Journal Manager, by the knowledge of the author, while the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
The formal legal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA), implies that publication can be used for non-commercial purposes in its original form (cannot be modified).
Every publication (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, and library. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.