Predictors of organizational citizenship behavior among government personnel: A structural equation modeling approach
Downloads
The study aimed to develop a causal paradigm of organizational citizenship behavior among government personnel in the SOCCSKSARGEN Region. 400 employees were selected through stratified balanced sampling. Data were collected using survey questionnaires and analyzed through the mean, Pearson r, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. The study determined that quality of work life, employee silence, and political skill statistically correlate with organizational citizenship behavior. The study inferred the predictive capacity of the exogenous latent variables in influencing the organizational citizenship behavior of LGU employees. There were five generated models of organizational citizenship behavior, and model five was determined as the best-fit structural model. The model retained five quality indicators of work life, namely compensation and rewards, training and development, relationships and cooperation, organizational culture and climate, and work environment. Prosocial silence and acquiescent silence remained as indicators of employee silence. Political skill was narrowed to three indicators, comprising social astuteness, interpersonal influence, and networking ability. Finally, altruism and civic virtue emerged as the strongest indicators of organizational citizenship behavior.
Acaray A & Akturan A (2015) The relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational silence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 207: 472-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.117.
Adamska K & Jurek P (2017) Adaptation of the four forms of employee silence scale in a polish sample. Current Issues in Personality Psychology 5 (4):303-312. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2017.68335.
Ahmadi M (2013) Human Resources Management. 1st Edition. Sari: Cultural Researches.
Ahmed S & Khan T (2016) Does motivation lead to organizational citizenship behavior? – A theoretical review. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Administration and Management 16 (7):43-49.
Andrews MC, Kacmar KM, & Harris KJ (2009) Got political skill? The impact of justice on the importance of political skill for job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 94 (6)-1427-1437. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0017154.
Argentero P, Cortese CG, & Ferretti MS (2008) An evaluation of organizational citizenship behavior: Psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of Podsakoff et al.’s scale. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology 15 (2):61-75.
Cahilo S, Galay- Limos J, & Tampol R (2023) Antecedents of motivation, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior of contract of service employees in SAMARICA: A basis for human resource intervention. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 11 (1):45-58. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2023.1004.
Çakıcı A (2010) Örgütlerde işgören sessizliği: Neden sessiz kalmayı tercih ediyoruz? Detay Yayıncılık.
Cascio WF (2003) Changes in workers, work, and organizations. In: Borman WC, Ilgen DR, & Klimoski RD (ed). Handbook of Psychology: Industrial and Organizational Psychology (vol 12). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 401-422. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei1216.
Chavez JC, Bandiola AN, Chavez CB, & Ligan VO (2022) Political skills, resilience at work, and public service motivation: A structural equation model on job engagement of police personnel in Region XI. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7 (2):951-997.
Chelagat L, Korir M, & Kibet Y (2020) Employee political skill, organizational citizenship behavior and performance among employees in Kenyan Universities: Moderation approach. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies 7 (2):247-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/802.72.247.260.
Chen H, Jiang S, & Wu M (2021) How important are political skills for career success? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 33 (19):3942-3968. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1949626.
Chou SY & Chang T (2020) Feeling capable and worthy? Impact of employee silence on self-concept: Mediating role of organizational citizenship behaviors. Psychological Reports 124 (1):266-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120901845.
Çınar O, Karcıoğlu F, & Alioğulları Z (2013) The relationship between organizational silence and organizational citizenship behavior: A survey study in the Province of Erzurum, Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 99: 314-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.499.
De Geus CJC, Ingrams A, Tummers L, & Pandey SK (2020) Organizational citizenship behavior in the public sector: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Public Administration Review 80 (2):259-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13141.
De la Salde ED & Gempes GP (2018) The mediating effect of public service motivation on the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment among local government employees in Davao Region. International Journal of Management Excellence 10 (2):1305-1322. https://doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v10i2.975.
Dumayas GR & Dura AP (2024) The mediating effect of workplace spirituality on the relationship between work values and organizational citizenship behavior of local government unit employees. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies 10 (1):217-238. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v10i1.1743.
Endaya TN (2024) Perception of organizational politics and employee silence as predictors of quality of work life. Thesis, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan. Unpublished.
Feitosa J, Verhoeven DC, Shuffler ML, & Wiper DW (2021) Political skill across health care leaders: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 28 (1):45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051820956651.
Ferris GR, Treadway DC, Kolodinsky RW, Hochwarter WA, Kacmar CJ, Douglas C, & Frink DD (2005) Development and validation of the political skill inventory. Journal of Management 31: 126-152. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0149206304271386.
Ferris GR, Perrewé P, Anthony WP, & Gilmore DC (2000) Political skill at work. Organizational Dynamics 28 (4):25-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(00)00007-3.
Foss N (2020) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms’ organizational designs. Journal of Management Studies 58 (1):270-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12643.
Francis S & Fonceca C (2023) Quality of work life among employees: A descriptive study. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) 11 (3):56-59.
Fuerte V (2022) Quality of work life in the COVID-19 pandemic and performance of LGU employees in Third District of the Cotabato Province. Thesis, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan. Unpublished.
Grosser TJ, Obstfeld D, Choi EW, Woehler M, Lopez-Kidwell V, Labianca G, & Borgatti SP (2018) A sociopolitical perspective on employee innovativeness and job performance: The role of political skill and network structure. Organization Science 29 (4):612-632. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1201.
Howell CR, Su W, Nassel AF, Agne AA, & Cherrington AL (2020) Area based stratified random sampling using geospatial technology in a community-based survey. BMC Public Health 20: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09793-0.
Ibironke AE, Okudero OO, Aderibigbe EA, Jokosanya TA (2022) Employee silence and organisation performance: The Relationship. International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM) 9 (4):119-127.
Jackson DL (2001) Sample size and number of parameter estimates in maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis: A Monte Carlo investigation. Structural Equation Modeling 8: 205-223. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/S15328007SEM0802_3.
Kılıçlar A & Harbalıoğlu M (2014) Relationship between organizational silence and organizational citizenship behavior: A case study on five stars hotels in Antalya. Journal of Business Research – Turk 6 (1):328-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.20491/isader.2014115977.
Knoll M & van Dick R (2013) Do I hear the whistle…? A first attempt to measure four forms of employee silence and their correlates. Journal of Business Ethics 113: 349-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1308-4.
Kranefeld I, Blickle G, & Meurs J (2020) Political Skill at Work and in Careers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kwan HK, Chen H, & Chiu RK (2020) Effects of empowering leadership on followers’ work-family interface. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 27 (1):1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1762701.
Lau T, Wong YH, Chan KF, & Law M (2011) Information technology and the work environment does it change the way people interact at work. Human Systems Management 20 (3):267-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/HSM-2001-20309.
Lee KJ, Yun YJ, & Kim EY (2019) Political skills and career success of R&D personnel: A comparative mediation analysis between perceived supervisor support and perceived organisational support. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 31 (11):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1605051.
Li X & Kong M (2015) The effect of employee’s political skill on organizational citizenship behavior: Based on new generation employees. Nankai Business Review International 6 (4):350-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-01-2015-0001.
Licudan-Credo G & Naparota LC (2022) Job satisfaction and quality of work life among government employees in the Municipality of Liloy Zamboanga Del Norte, Philippines. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7 (6):148-163.
Lourencia JSKS, Noraini BA, & Devinder KSS (2020) Dimensions of organizational silence and intention to leave. A quantitative study among Generation Y employees in the private sector in Jakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24 (02):952-967. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I2/PR200403.
Millare D (2023) Effect of organizational citizenship behavior on political skill of the uniformed personnel of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in the selected municipalities in Sarangani. Thesis, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan. Unpublished.
Milliken FJ, Morrison EW, & Hewlin P (2003) An exploratory study of employee silence: issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies 40 (6):1453-76. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/1467-6486.00387.
Monarca YE & Bandiola AN (2023) Human resource management practices, knowledge sharing, and emotional intelligence of unit heads: A causal model on organizational resilience in government agencies in Davao Region. American Journal of Public Policy and Administration 8 (2):61-73. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajppa.1611.
Morrison EW & Milliken F (2000) Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review 25 (4):706-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/259200.
Nugraha AT, Prayitno G, Azizi FA, Sari N, Hidayana II, Auliah A, & Siankwilimba E (2023) Structural Equation Model (SEM) of Social Capital with Landowner Intention. Economies 11 (4):127. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11040127.
Napitupulu D, Rahim R, Abdullah D, Setiawan MI, Abdillah LA, Ahmar AS, Simarmata J, Hidayat R, Nurdiyanto H, & Pranolo A (2018) Analysis of student satisfaction toward quality of service facility. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 954: 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/954/1/012019.
Nauman S, Zheng C, & Basit AA (2021) How despotic leadership jeopardizes employees’ performance: The roles of quality of work life and work withdrawal. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 42 (1):1-16. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1108/LODJ-11-2019-0476.
Ng TWH & Feldman DC (2011) Age, work experience, and the psychological contract. Journal of Organizational Behavior 30: 1053-1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.599.
Nitafan R (2020) Employee silence, organizational commitment, and job burnout of the regular employees in the selected local government units in the Third District of Cotabato Province: A keystone for intervention. International Journal of English, Literature, and Social Sciences 4 (6):1932-1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.56.20.
Nitafan R, Gaspan MV, & Samoy CA (2024) Which Domain of Sustainability Performance Predicts Civic Engagement? The Case of Informal Microenterprises in Kabacan, Philippines. Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences 20 (2):44-51. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/sduhs/article/view/269834.
Organ DW (1988) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
Palma-Alicer M, Ligan VO, & Bandiola AN (2022) A structural equation model on the job performance of employees in a National Government Agency in Region XI. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) 7 (12):158-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra12064.
Pinder C & Harlos K (2001) Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as response to perceived injustice. In: Ferris GR (ed). Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management 20: 331-369. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3.
Plaza-Saligumba L, Ligan VO, & Dura AP (2022) Individual work performance, public leadership, and public service motivation: A causal model on professionalism among the pacification committee (Lupong Tagapamayapa) in the barangays. EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) 7 (11):38-48. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra11722.
Robertson P & Tang S (1995) The role of commitment in collective action: Comparing the organizational behavior and rational choice perspectives. Public Administration Review 55 (1):67-80. https://doi.org/10.2307/976829.
Sadeghi G, Ahmadi M, & Yazdi M (2017) The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance (Case study: Agricultural Jihad Organization of Mazandaran Province). Problems and Perspectives in Management 14 (3):317-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-si).2016.03.
Suwandi G & Tentama F (2020) The quality of work life scale: A psychometric study and its application for the employee. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) 50 (1):68-81.
Swamy DR, Nanjundeswaraswamy TS, & Rashmi S (2015) Quality of work life: Scale development and validation. International Journal of Caring Sciences 8 (2):281-300.
Tang L, Yang F, & Yang W (2019) How do employees success both in career development and family life? Based on skill and Guanxi perspectives. Research on Economics and Management 40 (06):72-86. https://doi.org/10.13502/j.cnki. issn1000-7636.2019.06.005.
Thamrin R, Rahmawati R, Nuryadin M, & Juniar A (2023) Quality of work life and work environment on organizational citizenship behavior with job satisfaction as mediation. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 11 (1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i01.em07.
Traiyotee P, Taeporamaysamai P, & Saksamrit N (2019) Quality of work life affecting on organizational commitment through organizational citizenship behavior: A case study of PT Gas Service Stations Employees in the Northeast, Thailand. The 2019 International Academic Research Conference. Vienna, Austria. Paper Presentation.
Ulfa M, Thoyib A, & Ratnawati K (2021) Quality of work life and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediation role of organizational commitment. Southeast Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law 25 (1):100-109.
Usman M, Anwar ul Haq M, Ahmad S, Hussain J, Ali Z, & Hussain A (2022) Political skill and career success: Exploring the mediating role of mentoring and moderating role of career adaptability. Sage Open 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221082149.
Uy C, Cabanatuan RR, De Castro B, & Perez-Grajo J (2016) Practical Research 2. Quezon: Vibal Group Inc.
Van Dyne L, Ang S, & Botero IC (2003) Conceptualizing employee silence, and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies 40: 1359-1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384.
Wang X (2016) Organizational citizenship behavior: A literature review. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research 16: 533-538. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-16.2016.81.
Yaakobi E & Weisberg J (2020) Organizational citizenship behavior predicts quality, creativity, and efficiency performance: The roles of occupational and collective efficacies. Frontiers in Psychology 11: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00758.
Yadav R & Khanna A (2014) Literature review on quality of work life and their dimensions. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19 (9):71-80. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19957180.
Zikmund WG, Babin J, Carr J, & Griffin M (2012) Business Research Methods: With Qualtrics Printed Access Card. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of this journal is possession of Editorial Board and Journal Manager, by the knowledge of the author, while the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
The formal legal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA), implies that publication can be used for non-commercial purposes in its original form (cannot be modified).
Every publication (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, and library. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
