Overview of Hypertension and Its Main Risk Factors in Indonesia – a District Level Data Analysis
Background: Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases that become a public health problem in Indonesia. Specific risk factors in Indonesia might influence the disease. Objectives: The study aimed to describe the prevalence of hypertension and analyze the main risk factors of the disease at district level in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with descriptive, mean comparison, correlation, and multivariate linear regression analysis. Secondary data was collected from the Ministry of Health involving aggregate data from 478 districts. The risk factors included in the study were obesity, central obesity, smoking, salty food consumption, instant food consumption, fatty food consumption, lack of fruit and vegetable consumption, lack of physical activity, and routine blood pressure check. Analysis unit is district. Results: Result of the study showed that average (mean) prevalence of hypertension in districts in Indonesia was 31.18%. There was no difference of hypertension prevalence between district and city but there was a difference across seven regions in Indonesia. In terms of risk factors, the mean prevalence of overweight was 13.08%, obesity 20.45%, central obesity 29.97%, smoking 28.39%, consumption of salty foods 22.89%, consumption of instant food 8.68%, consumption of fatty foods 33.43%, lack of fruits and vegetables consumption 94.85%, lack of physical activity 32.80%, and routine blood pressure check 10.92%. The most influential risk factors for hypertension were regular blood pressure checks (Beta 0.326), lack of fruit and vegetable consumption (Beta 0.169), consumption of salty foods (Beta 0.124), and consumption of fatty foods (Beta 0.055). Conclusions: Blood pressure check and unhealthy diet were the most influential risk factors of hypertension. The intervention of these risk factors should be strengthened.
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