Article Sidebar

Submitted
11 January 2021
Accepted
11 January 2021
Published
30 September 2020
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 759 Download : 467

Main Article Content

Abstract

Resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide, including in Indonesia. The use of antibiotics is the most common cause of microorganism resistance. Individuals who received antibiotic therapy impacton changes of normal micro-flora resistance through selective pressure. This study aims to analyze the relationship of the quantity of antibiotic use with the pattern of resistance of gut normal flora Escherichia coliamong patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Tropic Infection Ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. This study was cross-sectional design with 64 samples (32 the ICU and 32 in Tropic Infection Ward). The total sample were collected for three Months. Identification of intestinal microflora was done with McConkey differential selective medium, followed by IMViC biochemical test, and sensitivity test by antibiotic disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed with Chi square test and Fisher'sExact test. There was no significant difference (p=0.441) in the quantity of antibiotic use between ICU and Tropic Infection Ward. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in normal intestinal flora Escherichia coli resistance pattern between Tropic Infection Ward and ICU against12 types of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone was the most widely used antibiotic in the Tropic Infection Ward of 54 DDD and ICU of 100 DDD. The highest percentage of intestinal flora Escherichia coli  resistance at the ICU was ceftriaxone as manyas 18 (56.3%) and at Tropic Infection Ward on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin 20 (62.5%). The other study in Primary Health center, showed that theresistance rates of both wards were significantly different as compared to intestinal flora of patients in primary health center (p <0.001), in whichthe use of antibiotics in primary health center was also lower (1.6 DDD). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) The pattern of bacterial resistance between patient with and without antibiotic use at Tropic Infection Ward and ICU Conclusion: the quantity of antibiotic use was not significantly different against resistnt gut flora between patients in ICU and Tropic Infection ward. The pattern of bacterial resistance between patient with and without antibiotic use was also not significantly different.

Keywords

Antibiotic antimicrobial resistance hospitalized patient

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Folia Medica Indonesiana

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

  • Folia Medica Indonesiana is a scientific peer-reviewed article which freely available to be accessed, downloaded, and used for research purposes. Folia Medica Indonesiana (p-ISSN: 2541-1012; e-ISSN: 2528-2018) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Manuscripts submitted to Folia Medica Indonesiana are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License. The terms of the license are:

    Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

    NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

    ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

    No additional restrictions ” You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

    You  are free to :

    Share ” copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.

    Adapt ” remix, transform, and build upon the material.

How to Cite
Sholeh, M. A., Kuntaman, K., & Hadi, U. (2020). Quantity of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Pattern of Gut Normal Flora Escherichia coli at Intensive Care Unit and Tropic Infection Ward, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 56(3), 159–164. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24472
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. AMRIN Study Group, 2005. Antimicrobial Resistance, Antibiotic Usage and Infection Control, A Self-Assessment Program For Indonesian Hospitals, Directorate of General Medical Care, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
  2. Arce JM, Selva M, Perpinan H, Gubernado M, Armero CC, Quilez AL, Gonzales F&Vanaclocha H, 2011. Antimicrobial Resistance According to Age, Gender, Culture Site and Patient Location in more than 100.000 Escherichia coli. Antimicrobagent chemother; vol. 53: pp. 1222-1228
  3. Barbosa C, Trebosc V, Kemmer C, Rosenstiel P, Beardmore R, Schulenburg H & Jansen G,2017. Alternative Evolutionary Paths to Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Cause Distinct Collateral Effects.MolBiolEvol, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 2229-2244.
  4. Bruinsma N, Stobberingh E&P. de Smet, 2003. Antibiotics used and the prevalens of antibiotics resistance in bacteria from healthy volunteers in Dutch community. Infection; no. 1: pp. 9-14.
  5. Brunton LL, Chabner BA& Knolimam BC,2011. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics: Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases, 12th edn. McGraw-Hi11; chapter 7.
  6. DuerinkDO, Lestari ES, Hadi U, Nagelkerke NJ, Severin JA, Verbrugh HA, Keuter M, Gyssens IC &Broek PJ,2007. Determinant of carriage of resistance Escherichia coli in the Indonesian population inside and outside hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother ; vol. 60: pp. 377-384.
  7. Elaa M, Ferjani S, Jendoubi A, Hammami S, Hamzaoui Z, Saidani M, Houissa M, Slim A & Dubois V, 2016. High Prevalence of Gut Microbiota Colonization with Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a Tunisian Intensive Care Unit.Front Microbiol; vol. 7, article 1859.
  8. Hadi U, 2009. Antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance in Indonesia, Doctoral thesis, Leiden University, Leiden-Netherland.
  9. Kemenkes RI, 2015. Program PengendalianResistensiAntimikroba Di RumahSakit, KementrianKesehatanRepublik Indonesia, Jakarta
  10. Kuntaman K, Lestari ES, Severin JA, Kershof IM, Mertaniasih NM, Purwanta M,Hadi U, Jonhson JR, Belkum AV&Verburgh HA,2005. Fluoroquinolon-Resistant Escherichia coli, Indonesia, Emerg Infect Dis; vol. 11, no. 9: pp. 1363-1369.
  11. Levy SB, 2002. Factors impacting on the problem of antibiotic resistance, J AntimicrobChemother;vol 49(1): 25-30
  12. DewantiL, Sulistiawati, Mariatul Q, Hari P, Kuntaman K, 2016. Kajianpenggunaanantibiotikadanpolaresistenbakteri flora usus di Puskesmas di Surabaya.KementrianKesehatanRepublik Indonesia, Jakarta.
  13. Penders J, Stobberingh EE, Savelkoul PH &Wolffs PF, 2013. The human microbiome as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance.Front Microbiol, vol.4 pp. 87.
  14. Pedrera V, H. Schwarz, M. Pascual de la Torre, V. Gil-Gullen, D. Orozco, & JM. Caselles, 2004. Analysis of Antibiotic Use in The Community of Valencia (2000-2002). Enferm InfectMicrobiolClin; 22: 385-389
  15. WHO, 2012. The Evolving Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance Options for action, World Health Organization, Geneva.
  16. WHO SEARO, 2010. Regional Strategy on Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance 2010-2015, WHO South East Asian Regional Office. New Delhi, India.

Most read articles by the same author(s)