PENGALAMAN IBU MERAWAT BALITA USIA 6 - 24 BULAN BERSTATUS GIZI BURUK

Abstrak 

Latar Belakang : Gizi buruk adalah penyumbang angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surabaya menyatakan kasus gizi buruk secara 100% telah teratasi. Fakta menunjukkan di kecamatan Sukomanunggal mengalami peningkatan angka gizi buruk. Pemerintah telah melakukan upaya perbaikan melalui program - programnya, tetapi kualitas perawatan dan pola asuh ibu belum diketahui. Sehingga dilakukanlah penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman ibu dalam merawat anak balita usia 6-24 bulan dengan status gizi buruk post diagnosis di kecamatan Sukomanunggal kota Surabaya. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Jumlah partisipan sebanyak 15 partisipan dan dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah pengalaman ibu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam dilengkapi dengan catatan lapangan. Hasil : Hasil penelitian didapatkan (53%) ibu mengubah pola pemberian makan (jumlah, menu, frekuensi) dan dari (53%) (83,3%) memberikan makanan secara aktif dan responsif. Ibu memiliki persepsi bahwa masalah gizi pada balita disebabkan faktor keturunan (60%) dan faktor nafsu makan (40%).  Ibu memberikan makanan tambahan (selingan) berupa snack sehat (80%) dan makanan ringan (20%). Ibu tidak memberikan vitamin kepada balitanya (53%). Ibu memiliki pola PHBS yang baik, yaitu (87%) balita tidak memiliki kebiasaan memasukkan barang yang dipegangnya ke mulut dan (53%) ibu mengajari serta membiasakan balita mencuci tangan. Ibu memiliki tingkat kepatuhan yang baik terhadap program puskesmas, (73%) ibu rutin membawa balitanya ke posyandu, (67%) ibu patuh memberikan PMT-P, (87%) ibu mengimunisasikan balita secara lengkap, dan (54%) ibu memberikan obat cacing rutin kepada balitanya. Tetapi hanya (26%) ibu yang melakukan konsultasi ke tenaga kesehatan. Kesimpulan : Perawatan yang dilakukan oleh ibu terhadap balitanya yang mengalami gizi buruk, yaitu melakukan perubahan pola pemberian makan dengan strategi praktik pemberian makan yang aktif dan responsif, memberikan makanan tambahan (selingan) berupa snack sehat yang berbahan lokal serta mengurangi konsumsi makanan ringan yang berlebihan, menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), patuh terhadap program puskesmas dan melakukan konsultasi lebih lanjut ke tenaga kesehatan.

Abstract 

Background : Malnutrition is a contributor to the morbidity and mortality rates in children. The Surabaya City Health Office stated that cases of malnutrition were 100% resolved. The facts show that in Sukomanunggal there has been an increase in the number of malnutrition. The government has made efforts to improve through its programs, but the quality of care and parenting is unknown. So a study was conducted to explore the experiences of mothers in caring for toddlers aged 6-24 months with malnutritional's status post diagnosis in Sukomanunggal, Surabaya. Method : This research was a qualitative study. The number of participants was 15 participants and was selected using the purposive sampling method. The variable in this study was the experience of mothers. The data collection technique used was indepth interviews equipped with field notes. Results : The results showed that (53%) mothers changed their feeding patterns (number, menu, frequency) and from (53%) (83.3%) gave food actively and responsively. Mother had a perception that nutritional problems in toddlers were due to heredity (60%) and appetite factors (40%). Mothers provided additional food (interlude) in the form of healthy snacks (80%) and snacks (20%). Mothers did not give vitamins to their children (53%). Mothers had a good hygienic habits pattern, that was (87%) toddlers did not have the habit of entering the items they hold in their mouths and (53%) mothers teach and get children to wash their hands. Mothers had a good level of adherence to the puskesmas program, (73%) mothers routinely brought their babies to posyandu, (67%) mothers obediently gave supplementary feeding, (87%) mothers fully immunized their children, and (54%) mothers gave medication routine worms to her toddler. But only (26%) mothers consulted health workers. Conclusion : The care performed by mothers on their children who experience malnutrition, it is changing the pattern of feeding with an active and responsive feeding practice strategy, providing supplementary food in the form of healthy snacks made locally and reducing excessive consumption of snacks, apply hygienic habits, adhere to the puskesmas program and conduct further consultations with health workers.