DETERMINANT OF STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN 15-49 MONTHS IN ZAMBIA (ZAMBIA DHS ANALYSIS 2018)
Downloads
One of the countries with a high prevalence of stunting in East Africa is Zambia. Globally, 22% of children under 5 years old are stunted or 149.2 million children in 2020. Stunting prevalence in Zambia remains above 35% in children under 5 years old at the national level. Research in Zambia about determine of stunting is still few and limited. The aim of this study was to identify determine with stunting in children aged 0-59 months in Zambia. The method used is observational in secondary data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Zambia. Mothers of toddlers are Respondents aged 15 - 49 years and having toddlers aged 15 - 49 months. The sample size used in this study was 3804 mothers with children under five. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test and multivariate analysis using Multiple Logistic Regression. The results showed that the factors related to stunting were maternal age (p=0.164), marital status (p=0.187), wealth index (p=0.149), age of children under five (p=0.164) and order of children (p=0.077). Marital status OR 2.724 (0.846-8.769) the most influence the occurrence of stunting in children under five. The implication of this study is the more mothers who never married, the greater the risk of stunting.
Indonesian Ministry of Health . Buletin Stunting [Internet]. Kemenkes RI. 2018. Available from: https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/folder/view/01/structure-publikasi-pusdatin-buletin.html
WHO. Global Nutrition Targets 2025 Stunting Policy Brief [Internet]. Global Nutrition Targets 2025 Stunting Policy Brief. 2014. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-14.3
UNICEF, WHO, Project TWB. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition [Internet]. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates 2021 edition. 2021. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/JME-2021-United-Nations-regions-v2.pdf
UNICEF. Improving Child Nutrition. [Internet]. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). 2013. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/resources/improving-child-nutrition-the-achievable-imperative-for-global-progress/nutritionreport_april2013_final_29/
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group. Levels and Trend in Child Malnutrition [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/JME-2018-brochure-web-1.pdf
WHO. Reducing Stunting In Children: Equity Considerations for Achieving the Global Nutrition Targets 2025 [Internet]. Equity considerations for achieving the Global Nutrition Targets 2025. 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241513647
Zambia Statistics Agency, Ministry of Health, University Teaching Hospital Virology laboratory, ICF. Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2018 [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR361-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm
Mzumara B, Bwembya P, Halwiindi H, Mugode R, Banda J. Factors Associated with Stunting among Children Below Five Years of Age in Zambia: Evidence from the 2014 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Nutr [Internet]. 2018;4(1):1–8. Available from: https://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40795-018-0260-9
Özaltin E, Hill K, Subramanian S V. Association of Maternal Stature with Offspring Mortality, Underweight, and Stunting in Low- to Middle-Income Countries. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc [Internet]. 2010;303(15):1507–1516. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/
Benta AA, James C, Elizabeth MK. Effect of Mother's Education on Child's Nutritional Status in the Slums of Nairobi. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2012;12(80):1–10. Available from: https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2431-12-80
Miller JE, Rodgers Y V. Mother's Education and Children's Nutritional Status: New Evidence from Cambodia. Asian Dev Rev [Internet]. 2009;26(1):131–165. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/
Kismul H, Acharya P, Mapatano MA, Hatlí¸y A. Determinants of Childhood Stunting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Further Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2017;18(1):1–14. Available from: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-017-4621-0.pdf
Manggala AK, Kenwa KWM, Kenwa MML, Sakti AAGDPJ, Sawitri AAS. Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Aged 24-59 Months. Paediatr Indones [Internet]. 2018;58(5):205–212. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/
Dewey KG. Reducing Stunting by Improving Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition in Regions such as South Asia: Evidence, Challenges and Opportunities. Matern Child Nutr [Internet]. 2016;12:27–38. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27187908/
Yaya S, Oladimeji O, Odusina EK, Bishwajit G. Household Structure, Maternal Characteristics and Children's Stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from 35 Countries. Int Health [Internet]. 2020;14(4):381–389. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz105
Laksono AD, Ibad M, Mursita A, Kusrini I, Wulandari RD. Characteristics of Mother as Predictors of Stunting in Toddler. Pakistan J Nutr [Internet]. 2019;18(12):1101–1106. Available from: https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjn.2019.1101.1106
Pham BN, Silas VD, Okely AD, Pomat W. Measuring Wasting and Stunting Prevalence among Children Under 5 Years of Age and Associated Risk Factors in Papua New Guinea: New Evidence From the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2021;8(March):1–24. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.622660/full
Yulianto Kadji. Kemiskinan dan Konsep Teoritisnya. 2004;303. Available from: https://repository.ung.ac.id/get/simlit_res/1/318/Kemiskinan_dan_Konsep_Teroitisnya.pdf
Jonah CMP, Sambu WC, May JD. A Comparative Analysis of Socioeconomic Inequities in Stunting: A Case of Three Middle-Income African Countries. Arch Public Heal [Internet]. 2018;76(1):1–15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6402091/
Bommer C, Vollmer S, Subramanian S V. How Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Stunting-Age Relationship in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. BMJ Glob Heal [Internet]. 2019;4(1):1–10. Available from: https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1/e001175
Akombi BJ, Agho KE, Hall JJ, Merom D, Astell-Burt T, Renzaho AMN. Stunting and Severe Stunting among Children Under-5 years in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2017;17(1):1–16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5237247/
Leroy JL, Ruel M, Habicht JP, Frongillo EA. Linear Growth Deficit Continues to Accumulate Beyond the First 1000 Days in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Global Evidence from 51 National Surveys. J Nutr [Internet]. 2014;144(9):1460–1466. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24944283/
Haile D, Azage M, Mola T, Rainey R. Exploring Spatial Variations and Factors Associated with Childhood Stunting in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0587-9
Larasati NN. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 25-59 Bulan di Posyandu Wilayah Puskesmas Wonosari II Tahun 2017 [Internet]. Skripsi. Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Yogyakarta; 2018. Available from: http://eprints.poltekkesjogja.ac.id/1719/1/SKRIPSI NADIA.pdf
Aridiyah FO, Rohmawati1 N, Ririanty M. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita di Wilayah Pedesaan dan Perkotaan (The Factors Affecting Stunting on Toddlers in Rural and Urban Areas). e-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan [Internet]. 2015;3(1):163–170. Available from: https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPK/article/view/2520/2029
Gebru KF, Haileselassie WM, Temesgen AH, Seid AO, Mulugeta BA. Determinants of Stunting among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia : A Multilevel Mixed- Effects Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2019;19(176):1–13. Available from: https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-019-1545-0
Nshimyiryo A, Hedt-Gauthier B, Mutaganzwa C, Kirk CM, Beck K, Ndayisaba A, et al. Risk Factors for Stunting among Children Under Five Years: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study in Rwanda Using the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2019;19(1):1–10. Available from: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-6504-z
Sunguya BF, Zhu S, Mpembeni R, Huang J. Trends in Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting in Tanzania: An Analysis of Tanzania Demographic Health Surveys (1991-2016). Nutr J [Internet]. 2019;18(1):1–13. Available from: https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-019-0505-8
Rahman M. Association between Order of Birth and Chronic Malnutrition of Children: A Study of Nationally Representative Bangladeshi Sample. Cad Saude Publica [Internet]. 2016;32(2):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00011215
Jahanihashemi H, Noroozi M, Zavoshy R, Afkhamrezaei A, Jalilolghadr S, Esmailzadehha N. Malnutrition and Birth Related Determinants among Children in Qazvin, Iran. Eur J Public Health [Internet]. 2017;27(3):559–562. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/27/3/559/3797193
Dhingra S, Pingali PL. Effects of Short Birth Spacing on Birth-Order Differences in Child Stunting: Evidence from India. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A [Internet]. 2021;118(8):1–8. Available from: https://www.pnas.org/content/118/8/e2017834118
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright ©2022 Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan (Journal of Biometrics and Population)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Copyright of all journal manuscripts is held by the Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan.
2. Formal legal provisions to access digital articles of the electronic journals are subject to the provision of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which means that Jurnal Kesehatan Biometrika dan Kependudukan to keep, transfer media/format, manage in the form of databases, maintain, and publish articles.
3. Published manuscripts both printed and electronic are open access for educational, research, and library purposes. Additionally, the editorial board is not responsible for any violations of copyright law.