Causality of Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, and Environmental Degradation in Organization of Islamic Cooperation Countries

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi konvensional, pertumbuhan ekonom, emisi karbon dioksida, dan konsumsi energi terbarukan di 39 negara Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) periode 1992-2018. Metode yang diterapkan ialah uji kausalitas Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) yang memperbolehkan adanya heterogenitas dan cross-sectional dependence. Temuan dari penelitian ini ialah terdapat interdependensi antara konsumsi energi konvensional dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan konsumsi energi terbarukan dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagaimana teori RKC U-shaped. Pertumbuhan ekonomi menyebabkan emisi karbon dioksida sebagaimana teori EKC-Kuznets. Tidak ditemukannnya hubungan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi konvensional dan terbarukan dengan emisi karbon dioksida. Penerapan kebijakan konservasi dapat diterapkan dengan memperhatikan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian terdahulu, menguji hubungan kausalitas tanpa memperhatikan cross-sectional dependence dan tidak memisahkan antara konsumsi energi konvensional dengan energi terbarukan.

Kata Kunci: Energi terbarukan, Degradasi Lingkungan, Kausalitas.

ABSTRACT

This research aims to find causality between conventional energy consumption, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and renewable energy consumption in 39 countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) from 1992 to 2018. The method used Dumitrescu-Hurlin Causality Test (2012) that allows heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The outcome affirms that there is interdependency between conventional energy consumption and economic growth, but renewable energy consumption affected economic growth that confirms RKC U-Shaped theory. The impact of economic growth affects environmental degradation and carbon dioxide emissions which accept EKC-Kuznets theory. The neutral hypothesis confirmed between conventional and renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Conservation policy could be implemented by considering economic growth. The previous study tested causality relationship without considering cross-sectional dependence and differentiate between conventional and renewable energy consumption.

Keywords: Renewable energy, Environmental Degradation, Causality.

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