Gender-Informed Curriculum Development Addressing Child Marriage and Stunting Prevention in Multicultural Communities, Singkawang City, West Kalimantan
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Abstract
The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia remains alarmingly high, with West Kalimantan being one of the provinces with significant rates. One of the contributing factors is the limited parental knowledge of nutritional needs during pregnancy, compounded by the persistent practice of early marriage. This study aims to analyze the relationship between early marriage practices and stunting prevalence in Singkawang, West Kalimantan, while exploring the potential integration of a gender-sensitive curriculum as a preventive strategy. This qualitative study employs a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and participatory observations involving parents, school-aged adolescents, university students, and community leaders in Singkawang. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns linking early marriage practices with stunting prevalence and to formulate key elements for a relevant gender-sensitive curriculum. The findings reveal that early marriage directly impacts stunting prevalence through the inadequate biological and psychological readiness of adolescent girls for pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, limited access to reproductive health and nutritional information exacerbates this risk. The study highlights the critical role of a gender-sensitive curriculum as a preventive intervention to enhance awareness among adolescents and parents about the impact of early marriage on stunting. This research contributes to the development of education-based strategies to reduce stunting prevalence, particularly through the implementation of gender-sensitive curricula in secondary schools. The study's implications include improving maternal and child health outcomes and supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health and education..
Keywords: stunting, early marriage, West Kalimantan, gender-sensitive curriculum
Abstrak
Angka prevalensi stunting di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi, termasuk di Kalimantan Barat sebagai salah satu provinsi dengan angka prevalensi yang signifikan. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan orang tua mengenai kebutuhan gizi selama kehamilan, ditambah dengan masih maraknya praktik pernikahan usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara praktik pernikahan usia dini dan prevalensi stunting di Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat, serta mengeksplorasi potensi integrasi kurikulum berwawasan gender sebagai strategi pencegahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD), dan observasi partisipatif yang melibatkan orang tua, remaja sekolah, mahasiswa, dan tokoh masyarakat di Singkawang. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola hubungan antara praktik pernikahan usia dini dan prevalensi stunting, serta untuk merumuskan elemen-elemen utama kurikulum berwawasan gender yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan usia dini memiliki dampak langsung terhadap prevalensi stunting melalui mekanisme kurangnya kesiapan biologis dan psikologis remaja perempuan untuk hamil dan melahirkan. Selain itu, keterbatasan akses terhadap informasi kesehatan reproduksi dan gizi juga memperburuk risiko ini. Temuan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya kurikulum berwawasan gender sebagai intervensi preventif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran remaja dan orang tua mengenai dampak pernikahan usia dini terhadap stunting. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan strategi berbasis pendidikan untuk menurunkan prevalensi stunting, khususnya melalui implementasi kurikulum berwawasan gender di sekolah menengah. Implikasi dari penelitian ini mencakup peningkatan kesehatan ibu dan anak serta pencapaian target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) di bidang kesehatan dan pendidikan.
Kata kunci: stunting, pernikahan usia dini, Kalimantan Barat, kurikulum berwawasan gender
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