A CASE REPORT: ANTIRETROVIRAL-ASSOCIATED BILATERAL GYNECOMASTIA
Downloads
Highlights:
- Gynecomastia is a known potential side effect of efavirenz, which may manifest in HIV patients.
- Healthcare providers should be vigilant and address the potential adverse effects of medications prescribed to individuals with HIV, including gynecomastia.
- Surgeons in resource-limited areas show flexibility and can achieve satisfactory results in procedures despite limited resources and surgical options.
Abstract:
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients can now access antiretroviral drugs even in resource-limited area. The majority of patients receive the fixed daily dose of an efavirenz-based antiviral (ARV) as advised by the World Health Organization (WHO), despite the fact that gynecomastia is a recognized side effect of evafirenz.
Case Ilustration: We report a 31 year-old male with antiretroviral-associated gynecomastia that underwent the bilateral excision without liposuction procedure with satisfying result.
Discussion: Surgeon in limited-resource area faces limited resources to perform some specific procedure. Meanwhile, limited resources also poses patients avoidable adverse events in otherwise clinical setting. The antiretroviral-associated gynecomastia is unavoidable because limited regimen choice. Surgeon needs also to adjust the surgical option to achieve satisfying result without instrument complexities.
Conclusion: We reported satisfying surgical outcome in antiretroviral-associated bilateral gynecomastia patient with limited clinical setting.
Shawarira-Bote S, Shamu T, & Chimbetete C. Gynecomastia in HIV-positive adult men receiving efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy at Newlands clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:1–6.
Sansone A, Romanelli F, Sansone M, Lenzi A, & Di Luigi L. Gynecomastia and hormones. Endocrine. 2017;55:37–44.
Paris F, Gaspari L, Mbou F, Philibert P, Audran F, Morel Y, et al. Endocrine and molecular investigations in a cohort of 25 adolescent males with prominent/persistent pubertal gynecomastia. Andrology. 2016;4:263–9.
Cutrupi A. Bilateral gynecomastia: a report of one case. Int J Pediatr Neonatal Heal. 2017;1:04–6.
Deepinder F, & Braunstein GD. Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012;11:779–95.
Bowman JD, Kim H, Bustamante JJ, Antunes M, Schiavone M, Pizzol D, et al. Bilateral Mastectomy as Radical Treatment of Gynecomastia Secondary to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Low-Income Setting: A Case Report. Drug Saf - Case Reports [Internet]. 2012;32:1123–40.
Strub C, Kaufmann GR, Flepp M, Egger M, Kahlert C, Cavassini M, et al. Gynecomastia and potent antiretroviral therapy. Vol. 18, AIDS (London, England). England; 2004. p. 1347–9.
van Ramshorst MS, Kekana M, Struthers HE, McIntyre JA, & Peters RPH. Efavirenz-induced gynecomastia in a prepubertal girl with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A case report. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:1.
Antunes M, Schiavone M, Pizzol D, Di Gennaro F, Ludovico R, & De Palma A. Bilateral Mastectomy as Radical Treatment of Gynecomastia Secondary to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Low-Income Setting: A Case Report. Drug Saf - Case Reports [Internet]. 2018;5:1–4.
Song YN, Wang YB, Huang R, He XG, Zhang JF, Zhang GQ, et al. Surgical treatment of gynecomastia: Mastectomy compared to liposuction technique. Ann Plast Surg. 2014;73:275–8.
Eaton RG & Sperling RA. Grabb and Smith Plastic Surgery. 8th ed. Chung KC, editor. Vol. 8. 2019.
Baumann K. Gynecomastia-Conservative and Surgical Management. Breast Care. 2018;13:419–24.
Fagerlund A, Lewin R, Rufolo G, Elander A, Santanelli Di Pompeo F, & Selvaggi G. Gynecomastia: a systematic review. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2015;49:311–318
Zugang K & Hassan A. Combined approach for gynecomastia. GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016; 5:1–12
Jose RM & Thomas S. Gynaecomastia correction”the role of power-assisted liposuction. Eur J Plast Surg. 2011; 34:187–191
Mohan A, Abbas Khan MA, Srinivasan K, & Roberts J. Gynaecomastia correction: a review of our experience. Indian J Plast Surg. 2014. 47:56–60
Prasetyono TOH, Budhipramono AG & Andromeda I. Liposuction assisted gynecomastia surgery with minimal periareolar incision: a systematic review. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2022;46:123-131.
Swerdloff RS, Ng CM (2000) Gynecomastia: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Endotext. PMID: 25905330 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279105/
Polat S, Cuhaci N, Evranos B, Ersoy R, Cakir B (2014) Gynecomastia: clinical evaluation and management. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 18:150–159
Jarrar G, Peel A, Fahmy R, Deol H, Salih V, Mostafa A (2011) Single incision endoscopic surgery for gynaecomastia. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2011. doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2011.04.016,May13,2011
Copyright (c) 2023 Erdo Puncak Sidarta, Syeben Hezer Epatah Hietingwati,Robertus Arian Datusanantyo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
JURNAL REKONSTRUKSI DAN ESTETIK by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The journal allows the author to hold copyright of the article without restriction
- The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessbility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA)
Jurnal Rekonstruksi dan Estetik by