INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM SATIVUM L. EXTRACT AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Downloads
Background: One of the most common health problems is infectious diseases. Infectious disease can be caused by bacteria. There were two groups of bacteria based on the staining, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Purpose: Antibiotics are the main therapy used in the incidence of bacterial infections. But over time, some antibiotics became resistance. Several studies have shown that garlic has an antibacterial effect. The content of allicin, ajoene, saponins, and flavonoids is found in garlic which has antibacterial properties. The antibiotic activity test of garlic was carried out on the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The goal of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of Allium sativum L. extract against Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Method: Garlic extract was made using the maceration method using 96% alcohol as the solvent. Tube dilution method elected to observe garlic antibiotic activity. This test aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). There were eight different concentration used, i.e. 2 grams/ml, 1 gram/ml, 0.5 gram/ml, 0.25 gram/ml, 0.125 gram/ml, 0.0625 gram/ml, 0.03125 gram/ml, and 0.015625 gram/ml. Replication is done three times. Result: In this experiment, the extract produced was turbid that MIC could not be determined and there was no momentous differentiation between before and after treatment. There was no growth of Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 gram/ml and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 0.5 gram/ml. This number indicates the MBC for each bacteria. Conclusion: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has an effect of bactericidal activity, it can perform as an antibacterial for Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Garlic extract was more effective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Streptococcus pyogenes.
Abdulrahman, D. M., Daskum, A. M., Abdulrahim, K. M., Dadile, A. M. 2017. Antibacterial potency of garlic extracts against certain skin pathogenic bacteria. Novel Research in Microbiology Journal Vol. 1(1). Pp. 3-13.
Baylor College of Medicine., n.d. Introduction to Infectious Diseases. Available from: https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/introduction-to-infectious-diseases. Accessed: 16 Oktober 2019.
Brooks, G. F., Carroll, K. C., Butel, J. S., Morse, S. A., Mietzner, T. 2013. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Chiang-Ni, C., Zheng, P. X., Wang, S. Y., Tsai, P. J., Chuang, W. J., Lin, Y. S., Liu, C. C., Wu, J. J. 2015. Epidemiology analysis of streptococcus pyogenes in a hospital in Southern Taiwan by use of the updated emm cluster typing system. Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 54(1). Pp. 157–162.
Fair, R. J., Tor, Y. 2014. Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century. Perspectives in Medicinal Chernistry Vol. 2014(6). Pp. 25–64.
Gera, K., McIver, K. S. 2013. Laboratory growth and maintenance of streptococcus pyogenes (The Group A Streptococcus, GAS). Current Protocols in Microbiology Vol. 30(1). Pp. 1–14.
Jakobsen, T. H., Gennip, M. Van, Phipps, R. K., Shanmugham, M. S., Christensen, L. D., Alhede, M., et al. 2012. Ajoene, a Sulfur-Rich Molecule from Garlic, Inhibits Genes Controlled by Quorum Sensing. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 56(5). Pp. 2314–2325.
Kim, S. 2015. Optimal diagnosis and treatment of group a streptococcal pharyngitis. Infection and Chemotherapy Vol. 47(3). Pp. 202–204.
Laine, L., Perry, J. D., Lee, J., Oliver, M., James, A. L., De La Foata, C., Halimi, Gould, F. K. 2009. A novel chromogenic medium for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the sputa of cystic fibrosis patients. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis Vol. 8(2). Pp. 143–149.
Mikaili, P., Maadirad, S., Moloudizargari, M., Aghajanshakeri, S., Sarahrodi, S. 2013. Therapeutic Uses and Pharmacological Properties of Garlic, Shallot, and Their Biologically Active Compounds. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences Vol. 16(10). Pp. 1031-48.
Moore, L. S., Cunningham, J., Donaldson, H. 2016. A clinical approach to managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. British Journal of Hospital Medicine Vol. 77(4). Pp. 50–54.
Mozaffari Nejad, A. S., Shabani, S., Bayat, M., Hosseini, S.E. 2014. Antibacterial Effect of Garlic Aqueous Extract on Staphylococcus aureus in Hamburger. Jundishapur J. Microbiol Vol. 7(11). Pp. 1–5.
Muller, A., Eller, J., Albrecht, F., Prochnow, P., Kuhlmann, K., Bandow, J. E., Slusarenko,m A. J., Leichert, O. 2016. Allicin Induces Thiol Stress in Bacteria through S -Allylmercapto Modification of Protein Cysteines. Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol. 291(22). Pp. 11477–11490.
Prihandani, S. S., Poeloengan, M., Noor, S. M., Andriani. 2015. Uji Daya Antibakteri Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan Pangan. Informatika Pertanian Vol. 24(1). Pp. 53-58.
Rehman, F., Mairaj, S. 2013. Antimicrobial studies of allicin and ajoene. Pharma and Bio Science Vol. 4(2). Pp. 1095-1105.
Salih, J. M., Monawer, A. T., Abdullkahar, I. M. 2016. Anti-bacterial Activity of Garlic Against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Enterococcus faecalis In Duhok City. J. Univer. Duhok Vol. 19(1). Pp. 114–122.
Salima, J. 2015. Antibacterial Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum l.). Medical Journal of Lampung University Vol. 4(2). Pp. 30–39.
Fujitani, S., Moffett, Kathryn S., Yu, V. L. n.d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Available from: http://www.antimicrobe.org/b112.asp. Accessed: 18 Mei 2018
Spellerberg, B., Brandt, C. 2016. Laboratory Diagnosis of Streptococcus pyogenes (group Astreptococci). Streptococcus Pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. Pp. 1–16.
Upa, G., Ali, A., Arimaswati, Purnamasari, Y. 2017. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella typhii dan Shigella dysenteriae. MEDULA: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Halu Uleo Vol. 4(2). Pp. 354-360.
Wu, M., Li, X. 2015. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular Medical Microbiology: Second Edition Vol. 3. Pp. 1547-1564.
Xie, Y., Yang, W., Tang, F., Chen, X., Ren, L. 2015. Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Antibacterial Activities of Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism. Current Medical Chemistry Vol. 22(1). Pp. 132-149.
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Vocational Health Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The authors agree to transfer the transfer copyright of the article to the Journal of Vocational Health Studies (JVHS) effective if and when the paper is accepted for publication.
- Legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA), implies that publication can be used for non-commercial purposes in its original form.
- Every publications (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, and library. Other that the aims mentioned above, editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
Journal of Vocational Health Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
