Literature Review: Paparan Jangka Panjang PM2.5 Berisiko Meningkatkan Kematian Akibat COVID-19
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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Jumlah kasus terhitung hingga 5 Mei 2021 terdapat 154.815.600 kasus yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19, termasuk 3.236.104 kematian dari seluruh dunia. PM2.5 diduga sebagai salah satu media yang dapat meningkatkan kasus kematian akibat COVID-19.
Tujuan: Studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis paparan jangka panjang PM2.5 dalam meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat COVID-19.
Metode: Menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian artikel penelitian yang relevan sesuai dengan variable dan tujuan dalam penulisan.
Hasil:PM2.5 diindikasi menyumbangkan jumlah kasus kesakitan dan kematian pada kasus COVID-19. PM2.5 yang memiliki ukuran kecil berdiameter ≤2.5µm dan dapat menyerap racun, dapat masuk ke dalam paru-paru bagian dalam hingga menyebabkan berbagai penyakit pernapasan hingga kematian. Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan berbanding lurus antara peningkatan PM2.5 dan peningkatan kasus kematian COVID-19.
Kesimpulan: PM2.5 memiliki andil dalam meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat COVID-19, karena konsentrasi PM2.5 yang diatas nilai ambang batas dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit pernapasan terhadap orang-orang yang sering terpapar PM2.5 dalam jangka waktu yang lama sehingga dapat memiliki penyakit kronis dan dapat menyebabkan imunitas menurun. Jika dikaitkan dengan COVID-19, pasien COVID-19 yang memiliki riwayat penyakit kronis akan memiliki risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi.
Kata kunci: COVID-19, kasus kematian, pandemi, PM2.5
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