Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal di Kabupaten Ngawi: Studi Rangkaian Berkala
Unduhan
Latar Belakang: Situasi pandemi COVID-19 menimbulkan dampak serius pada kelompok maternal (ibu hamil, bersalin, dan nifas) di Indonesia. Selama tahun 2021, angka kematian ibu di Kabupaten Ngawi mencapai 276,9 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup setelah sebelumnya hanya sebesar 84,4 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Pandemi COVID-19 menjadi penghambat ibu dalam mengakses pelayanan kesehatan maternal baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat ada tidaknya dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap perbedaan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan maternal di Kabupaten Ngawi selama bulan Mei 2019 – April 2021.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif-deskriptif berjenis time-series. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa Laporan Pemantauan Wilayah Setempat-Kesehatan Ibu Anak di Kabupaten Ngawi selama tahun 2019-2021. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan menggunakan uji statistik independent t-test untuk melihat perbedaan data jumlah ibu yang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan sebelum dan selama pandemi.
Hasil: Terdapat kecenderungan penurunan jumlah ibu yang mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan pada tiap jenis pelayanan kesehatan maternal di Kabupaten Ngawi selama bulan Mei 2020 – April 2021. Seluruh jenis pelayanan kesehatan maternal mengalami penurunan rata-rata pada jumlah ibu yang mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan selama pandemi. Jenis pelayanan kesehatan maternal yang menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan pada rata-rata jumlah ibu yang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan selama pandemi, diantaranya pelayanan antenatal K4 (p = 0,001), persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan (p = 0,045), dan pelayanan nifas (p = 0,031). Pelayanan antenatal K1 (p = 0,206) dan penanganan komplikasi kebidanan (p = 0,131) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan.
Kesimpulan: Jenis pelayanan antenatal K4, pelayanan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan, serta pelayanan nifas yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan pada rata-rata jumlah ibu yang mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan maternal sebelum dan selama pandemi. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ngawi bersama dengan seluruh penyedia layanan kesehatan perlu mempersiapkan perencanaan dan strategi khusus untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan pada ketiga jenis pelayanan tersebut terutama ketika berada dalam situasi pandemi.
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