The Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Anthropometric Measurements, Lipid Profile, Fasting Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin, and Blood Pressure in Overweight/Obese Adolescents
Downloads
Background: Cigarette smoke exposure increases the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The nicotine content in cigarettes can acutely increase energy expenditure, decrease appetite, and several other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, lung disease, cancer, and so on. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and blood pressure in overweight/obese adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving overweight/obese adolescents conducted from September to October 2019 to evaluate the effects of tobacco exposure on anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, and blood pressure. Results: This study showed no significant differences in the age distribution, body weight, body height, height-for-age z-score (HAZ), hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), BMI-for-age z-score, fasting insulin, FBG, lipid profile, and blood pressure between low, moderate, and high cigarette smoke exposure in overweight/obese adolescents, but the high exposure group had a bigger waist circumference than the moderate exposure group (107,45 + 11,25 vs 99,35 + 11,36 cm, p = 0,019) and low exposure (107,45 + 11,25 vs 99,04 + 12,08 cm, p = 0,015). Conclusion: The degree of exposure to heavy cigarette smoke has a greater waist circumference than exposure to light and moderate cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke exposure is significantly associated with body weight and hip circumference, and heavy cigarette smoke exposure is prevalent in adolescent boys.
Behl, T.A., Stamford, B.A., Moffatt, R.J., 2023. The Effects of Smoking on the Diagnostic Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome: A Review, Am. J. Lifestyle Med, 17(3):397–412. doi: 10.1177/15598276221111046
Birmpili, E., Katsiki, N., Malhotra, A., Dimopoulou, E., Mikhailidis, D.P., Tsiligiroglou-Fachantidou, A., 2012. Gender and Socio-economic Differences in Daily Smoking and Smoking Cessation Among Adult Residents in a Greek Rural Area. Open Cardiovasc. Med. J. 6, 15–21.
Chen, H., Hansen, M.J., Jones, J.E., Vlahos, R., Anderson, G.P., Morris, M.J., 2007. Detrimental metabolic effects of combining long-term cigarette smoke exposure and high-fat diet in mice. Am. J. Physiol. - Endocrinol. Metab. 293, 1564–1571.
Chiolero, A., Faeh, D., Paccaud, F., Cornuz, J., 2008. Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87, 801–809.
Dasgupta, K., Ghimire, K.M., Pacheco, G., 2018. The impact of smoking during pregnancy on children ’ s body weight. Economics Working Paper Series.
Davis, C.L., Tingen, M.S., Jia, J., Sherman, F., Williams, C.F., Bhavsar, K., Wood, N., Kobleur, J., Waller, J.L., 2016. Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children. Child. Obes. 12, 119–125.
Dubois-Deruy, E., Rémy, G., Alard, J., Kervoaze, G., Chwastyniak, M., Baron, M., Beury, D., Siegwald, L., Caboche, S., Hot, D., Gosset, P., Grangette, C., Pinet, F., Wolowczuk, I., Pichavant, M., 2020. Modelling the impact of chronic cigarette smoke exposure in obese mice: metabolic, pulmonary, intestinal, and cardiac issues. Nutrients 12.
Ebrahimi, M., Aghdam, M.H., Qorbani, M., Abbaspour Kaboodan, F., Shafiee, G., Khatami, F., Ahadi, Z., Motlagh, M.E., Ziaodini, H., Taheri, M., Kelishadi, R., Heshmat, R., 2019. Passive smoking and cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN-V study. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 18, 401–408.
Ellberg, C., Olsson, H., Jernström, H., 2018. Current smoking is associated with a larger waist circumference and a more androgenic profile in young healthy women from high-risk breast cancer families. Cancer Causes Control 29, 243–251.
Florescu, A., Ferrence, R., Einarson, T., Selby, P., Soldin, O., Koren, G., 2009. Methods for quantification of exposure to cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke: Focus on developmental toxicology. Ther. Drug Monit. 31, 14–30.
Jaakkola, J.M., Rovio, S.P., Pahkala, K., Viikari, J., Rönnemaa, T., Jula, A., Niinikoski, H., Mykkänen, J., Juonala, M., Hutri-Kähönen, N., Kähönen, M., Lehtimäki, T., Raitakari, O.T., 2021. Childhood exposure to parental smoking and life-course overweight and central obesity. Ann. Med. 53, 208–216.
Jitnarin, N., Kosulwat, V., Rojroongwasinkul, N., Boonpraderm, A., Haddock, C.K., Poston, W.S.C., 2014. The Relationship Between Smoking, Body Weight, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Intake Among Thai Adults. Asia Pacific J. Public Heal. 26, 481–493.
Kolovou, G.D., Kolovou, V., Mavrogeni, S., 2016. Cigarette smoking/cessation and metabolic syndrome. Clin. Lipidol. 11, 6–14.
Koyanagi, A., Smith, L., Oh, H., Yang, L., Jackson, S.E., Haro, J.M., Shin, J.I.I., Carvalho, A.F., Jacob, L., 2020. Secondhand Smoking and Obesity among Nonsmoking Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years from 38 Low- And Middle-Income Countries. Nicotine Tob. Res. 22, 2014–2021.
Li, Y., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Han, L., Zhong, L., Zhang, Q., Speakman, J.R., Li, M., Gao, S., 2020. Impact of parental smoking on adipokine profiles and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children. Atherosclerosis 301, 23–29.
Lin, C., Rountree, C.B., Methratta, S., LaRusso, S., Kunselman, A.R., Spanier, A.J., 2014. Secondhand tobacco exposure is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Environ. Res. 132, 264–268.
Lisboa, P.C., de Oliveira, E., de Moura, E.G., 2012. Obesity and endocrine dysfunction programmed by maternal smoking in pregnancy and lactation. Front. Physiol. 3 NOV, 1–9.
Magge, S.N., Goodman, E., Armstrong, S.C., 2017. The Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Shifting the Focus to Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering. Pediatr. 140(2), e20171603.
Miyamura, K., Nawa, N., Isumi, A., Doi, S., Ochi, M., Fujiwara, T., 2023. Impact of exposure to secondhand smoke on the risk of obesity in early adolescence. Pediatr. Res. 93, 260–266.
Moore, B.F., Kreitner, K.J., Starling, A.P., Martenies, S.E., Magzamen, S., Clark, M., Dabelea, D., 2022. Early-life exposure to tobacco and childhood adiposity: Identifying windows of susceptibility. Pediatr. Obes. 17, 1–18.
Morris, R.W., Taylor, A.E., Fluharty, M.E., Bjørngaard, J.H., Åsvold, B.O., Gabrielsen, M.E., Campbell, A., Marioni, R., Kumari, M., Korhonen, T., Männistö, S., Marques-Vidal, P., Kaakinen, M., Cavadino, A., Postmus, I., Husemoen, L.L.N., Skaaby, T., Ahluwalia, T.V.S., Treur, J.L., Willemsen, G., Dale, C., Wannamethee, S.G., Lahti, J., Palotie, A., Räikkönen, K., McConnachie, A., Padmanabhan, S., Wong, A., Dalgård, C., Paternoster, L., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Tyrrell, J., Horwood, J., Fergusson, D.M., Kennedy, M.A., Nohr, E.A., Christiansen, L., Kyvik, K.O., Kuh, D., Watt, G., Eriksson, J.G., Whincup, P.H., Vink, J.M., Boomsma, D.I., Smith, G.D., Lawlor, D., Linneberg, A., Ford, I., Jukema, J.W., Power, C., Hyppönen, E., Jarvelin, M.R., Preisig, M., Borodulin, K., Kaprio, J., Kivimaki, M., Smith, B.H., Hayward, C., Romundstad, P.R., Sørensen, T.I.A., Munafò, M.R., Sattar, N., 2015. Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: Evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium. BMJ Open 5.
Nadhiroh, S.R., Djokosujono, K., Utari, D.M., 2020. The association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth outcomes of children: A systematic literature review. Tob. Induc. Dis. 18, 1–12.
Nagel, G., Arnold, F.J., Wilhelm, M., Link, B., Zoellner, I., Koenig, W., 2009. Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiometabolic risk in young children: Results from a survey in south-west Germany. Eur. Heart J. 30, 1885–1893.
Saarni, S.E., Pietiläinen, K., Kantonen, S., Rissanen, A., Kaprio, J., 2009. Association of smoking in adolescence with abdominal obesity in adulthood: A follow-up study of 5 birth cohorts of Finnish twins. Am. J. Public Health 99, 348–354.
Srivastava, P., Trinh, T.A., Hallam, K.T., Karimi, L., Hollingsworth, B., 2024. The links between parental smoking and childhood obesity: data of the longitudinal study of Australian children. BMC Public Health 24, 1–11.
Tuovinen, E.L., Saarni, S.E., Männistö, S., Borodulin, K., Patja, K., Kinnunen, T.H., Kaprio, J., Korhonen, T., 2016. Smoking status and abdominal obesity among normal- and overweight/obese adults: Population-based FINRISK study. Prev. Med. Reports 4, 324–330.
Wang, L., Mamudu, H.M., Alamian, A., Anderson, J.L., Brooks, B., 2014. Independent and joint effects of prenatal maternal smoking and maternal exposure to second-hand smoke on the development of adolescent obesity: A longitudinal study. J. Paediatr. Child Health 50, 908–915.
Wang, Q., 2021. Underweight, overweight, and tobacco use among adolescents aged 12-15 years: Evidence from 23 low-income and middle-income countries. Tob. Induc. Dis. 19, 1–12.
Weitzman, M., Cook, S., Auinger, P., Florin, T.A., Daniels, S., Nguyen, M., Winickoff, J.P., 2005. Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Circulation 112, 862–869.
Yaghoubi, A., Ghojazadeh, M., Abolhasani, S., Alikhah, H., Khaki-Khatibi, F., 2015. Correlation of Serum Levels of Vitronectin, Malondialdehyde and Hs-CRP With Disease Severity in Coronary Artery Disease. J. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Res. 7, 113–117.
Zhang, Z., Ma, J., Wang, Z., Dong, Y., Yang, Z., Dong, B., Ma, Y., 2019. Parental smoking and blood pressure in children and adolescents: A national cross-sectional study in China. BMC Pediatr. 19, 1–6.
Zimmet, P., Alberti, K., Kaufman, F., Tajima, N., Silink, M., Arslanian, S., Wong, G., Bennett, P., J, S., Caprio, S., IDF Consensus Group, 2007. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents - an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes 8, 299–306.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In order to be accepted and published by Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education, Author(s) who submit an article should complete all the review process. The copyright of received articles assigned to the Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education,and Department of Health Promotion and Behavior Science, Universitas Airlangga as publishers of the journal. The intended copyright includes the rights to publish articles in various forms (including reprints).
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education's website. Authors are allowed to use their works for any purposes deemed necessary without written permission from Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health EducationS and/or Department of Health Promotion and Behavior Science, Universitas Airlangga with an acknowledgement of initial publication in this journal.
The Editorial Team of Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education and Department of Health Promotion and Behavior Sciences strive to ensure that no errors occur in the articles that have been published, both data errors and statements in the article.
Users of this website will be licensed to use materials from this website following the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. No fees charged. Please use the materials accordingly.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
